"These interviews with 46 people cover school district
reorganization from the 1950s to the present from all angles and
include stories by career educators, administrators, citizens and
legislators," said Mark DePue, director of oral history for the
ALPLM. "Few things are more traumatic for otherwise vibrant
communities than losing a piece of their identity when a cherished
school is closed. ALPLM volunteer Philip Pogue, himself a career
educator, has chronicled that story in this important collection of
interviews."
The oral history interviews include parents and teachers on the
front lines of the reorganization battle, as well as some well-known
names: Lt. Gov. Sheila Simon, who served as chair of the Classroom
First Commission; state Sens. David Leuchtefeld, Linda Holmes and
Jeff Schoenburg; state Reps. Linda Chapa-LaVia and Roger Eddy; and
former Illinois State Superintendents of Schools Robert Leininger
and Max McGee. Simon also serves as Gov. Pat Quinn’s point person
for education.
"School district consolidation has outpaced all other forms of
government consolidation in Illinois, yet we still lead much of the
country in local control of schools," Simon said. "As budgets
continue to tighten and demographics shift, we are likely to see
more voluntary and virtual consolidations, schools choosing to
combine both classrooms and backroom operations to shift spending
toward opportunities for students."
Over the past several decades, Illinois family farms have
experienced a revolution of sorts, steadily growing in acreage as
they also become more specialized. One result of this trend has been
a steady depopulation of many of the state’s small towns and rural
areas, which in turn has led to the need to reorganize or
consolidate school districts.
The School District Reorganization oral history project has
looked at the complex nature of this issue, beginning with the
creation of school districts once community unit schools were
created in 1947. It covers how communities have handled school
reorganizations through the years, including public hearings,
feasibility studies and school referenda.
Communities struggling with the need to reorganize have dealt
with a dizzying array of issues, including locations and closures;
tax rates; transportation routes; enrollment impacts;
consolidations, annexations, detachments, dissolutions, conversions
and cooperative schools; and that ever-important community symbol,
the school mascot, dubbed "the most difficult animal to kill" by
media covering school reorganization issues in Illinois.
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The Free School Act of 1825 passed by the Illinois General
Assembly allowed land to be sold by a township to be used for school
costs. The General Assembly then created various types of districts
through the years: special charter (1833), common school districts
(1855), township high school districts (1872), community
consolidated districts and community high school districts (1909),
consolidated districts and non-high school districts (1917),
community unit districts (1947), and combined districts (1983). As a
result, Illinois developed a unique blend of district types,
including unit districts (K-12), elementary districts (K-8) and high
school districts (9-12). Funding was primarily from property taxes,
and this, combined with a declining percentage of state funding,
which has dropped to less than 29 percent, means greater reliance on
local funding of schools. The inevitable result of less funding has
been reorganization -- Illinois had 11,996 school districts in 1940
and just 868 districts in 2010.
The
ALPLM Oral History Program is dedicated to preserving the
stories and memories of Illinois' citizens, not just the famous and
prominent among us, but people from all walks of life. Oral history
combines the most ancient way humanity has preserved history --
through the spoken word -- with modern technology. It preserves the
firsthand accounts of people who have lived eventful lives, giving
voice to those who are too often overlooked by traditional
historians, and recording stories and experiences too rarely
preserved.
Oral history projects currently available online, in addition to
School District Reorganization, are Agriculture in Illinois, Family
Memories, Illinois Statecraft, Immigrant Stories, Springfield
African-American History and Veterans Remember.
[Text from file received from
the Illinois Historic
Preservation Agency]
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