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 Instead of the two-thirds majority he had wanted to change the
constitution and create a new presidential republic, the AK Party,
while remaining the biggest party, failed even to achieve a simple
majority. The outcome augurs weeks of unpredictability as parties
vie to form a coalition and possible early elections.
The result could also prompt some soul searching in the AKP,
Turkey's dominant political movement for more than a decade, where
in recent years religious conservatives, with Erdogan's support,
have gained the ascendancy at the expense of center-right and
liberal elements.
Erdogan, strident in his attacks on opponents he has in the past
accused of betraying Turkey, seemed conciliatory in first comments
after the poll - a stark contrast to his triumphalist appearances
after recent local and presidential elections
"Our nation's opinion is above everything else," he said. "I believe
the results, which do not give the opportunity to any party to form
a single party government, will be assessed healthily and
realistically by every party.
The precarious outcome may stir concern in Western capitals that see
NATO member Turkey as an important island of political stability
bordering Syria, Iraq and Iran. Nearly two million Syrian refugees
now live in Turkish camps, Islamic State militants stand on the
country's borders and the United States keeps an air base at
Incirlik, in south-east Turkey
The uncertainty also triggered a sharp sell-off in Turkish assets,
reviving for some memories of fractious, short-lived coalition
governments that battered the economy in the 1990s and triggered a
string of army coups in the second half of the 20th century.
 The lira slid to a record low of 2.8 to the dollar, the Istanbul
stock index tumbled 8 percent, and the 10-year benchmark bond yield
surged to within a whisker of 10 percent.
Erdogan, Turkey's most popular modern leader but not one used to
compromise and negotiation, had hoped a crushing victory for the AKP
would allow it to change the constitution and create a more powerful
U.S.-style presidency.
The swing away from the president and AK may have had numerous
causes.
Some voters may have been disillusioned by Erdogan's increasingly
bellicose tone, others wary of his plans to amass further power or
alarmed by recent graft scandals around the government that Erdogan
ascribed to attempts to topple him and which he cited in launching a
purge of the judiciary.
Decisive was the success of a pro-Kurdish opposition party
campaigning on a broad leftist agenda that surged ahead to enter
parliament.
EARLY ELECTION POSSIBLE
Deputy Prime Minister Numan Kurtulmus told reporters the AKP would
try to form a coalition government as its first option and was
optimistic that it would be able to do so, but added that an early
election could be on the cards if it failed.
A coalition without the AKP, he said, was impossible.
The right-wing Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) is seen as its most
likely partner. But its leader Devlet Bahceli all but ruled out such
a deal on Sunday, saying Turkey should hold a new election if the
ruling party was unable to agree a coalition with other opposition
groups.
"The possibility of a government coming out of the current situation
is very slim," one senior AKP official said, ahead of a meeting with
Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu and party leaders to evaluate
Sunday's outcome.
"With these results, an early election seems inevitable."
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Two other AKP officials also told Reuters a new election looked
unavoidable, while Finance Minister Mehmet Simsek warned a coalition
would not be as reformist as a single-party government. Erdogan
has yet to appear in public since the election result, but is
expected to meet Davutoglu on Tuesday. Once results are officially
announced, he will then ask Davutoglu to try to form a government,
but could call an early election if Davutoglu is unable to do so
within 45 days.
"Everything, from the economy to big projects, is currently on hold,
and we don't have the luxury of continuing with an uncertain and
weak government at a time when the world is facing great economic
risks," a second senior AKP official said.
"NEW TURKEY"?
The AKP's failure to win an overall majority marks an end to more
than a decade of stable single-party rule and is a setback for both
Erdogan and Davutoglu.
Both men had portrayed the election as a choice between a "new
Turkey" and a return to a history marked by short-lived coalition
governments, economic instability and coups by a military whose
influence Erdogan has now reined in.
The secularist Republican People's Party (CHP) remained the second
biggest group in parliament with around a quarter of the vote. But
it is ideologically opposed to the AKP and has ruled out any
prospect of a coalition with the ruling party.
A blow as the election was to Erdogan, Turkish politics remains
marked by the absence of any rival politician to inspire and rally
opposition. He is a towering figure, enjoying fierce loyalty
especially in the Anatolian heartland.
Sunday's big winner, the pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party
(HDP), which crossed a 10 percent threshold to enter parliament for
the first time, has also ruled out going into coalition with the
AKP.
Its co-leader Selahattin Demirtas said on Sunday the election
outcome had put an end to talk of the stronger presidential powers
championed by Erdogan.
A third AKP official said an agreement with the MHP was possible and
warned that a failure to do so could lead to prolonged uncertainty
that could erase some of Turkey's hard-won economic gains.
"Though it is not a very strong option, it is the only option for a
government with AKP ... The only thing that can relieve the markets
at this point is an AKP-MHP coalition," the official said.
(Writing by Nick Tattersall; editing by Ralph Boulton)
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