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 The meeting of the Governing Council comes shortly after it cut the
deposit rate in December, increasing the charge on banks for parking
money at the ECB, and expanded its purchase program to buy chiefly
government bonds.
This recent action, albeit short of what many on financial markets
hoped for, has led economists to conclude that no significant
further steps will be taken on Thursday but could follow as soon as
March.
ECB President Mario Draghi may address the threat of low inflation,
as oil plunges, as well as the market ructions caused in part by
weaker Chinese growth.
Draghi may also face questions about falls in the price of shares
and bonds of several banks, particularly in southern European
countries such as Italy. The cost of insuring against a default of
many of these banks has risen sharply in recent weeks amid fears
over unpaid loans, signaling bleak times ahead.
Having raised expectations too high in December, however, Draghi is
likely to stop short of making concrete promises, emphasizing
instead the bank's readiness and ability to act.
"I believe the ECB will loosen policy but not today," said Joerg
Kraemer, an economist with Commerzbank. "A further reduction in the
deposit rate could happen in March."
A similar view was held by Reinhard Cluse, an economist with UBS.
"The ECB is on hold for now," he said. "Draghi can say: 'we gave the
medicine and now we have to let it work'".
A cut to its forecast for inflation in March, which the ECB has
pledged to keep at close to 2 percent, could prompt action.
The ECB's December projections were based on crude oil prices
averaging $52.2 this year, but Brent crude is trading around $28 per
barrel and even 2022 oil futures are below $50, indicating little
confidence in a quick rebound.
CREDIBILITY
Some ECB policymakers have argued that it should focus on core
inflation, which excludes energy and food.
But low energy prices are now impacting other goods and services,
pushing even core inflation far from the bank's goal of close to 2
percent and jeopardizing the credibility of that target.
"There is a risk that the world at large stops believing that the
ECB will deliver on its target," ABN Amro economist Nick Kounis
said. If that happened, "very low inflation could become
entrenched."
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The ECB earlier estimated that a 10 percentage point change in oil
prices would change headline inflation by about 0.2-0.3 percentage
point in the first year, with a further, second-round effect coming
later.
Once companies stop believing in the inflation target, they might
also curb wages, in turn putting a brake on the economy.
Draghi, who holds his news conference at 1330 GMT, will emphasize
that the bank's 1.5 trillion euro quantitative easing program has
flexibility, giving the bank plenty of room to act.
Minutes from the bank's December rate meeting also indicated a
greater willingness on the part of policy makers to cut the deposit
rate further. Many analysts predict that rate - which at -0.3
percent already charges commercial banks to park cash at the ECB -
could drop by another 10 basis points as soon as June.
"(That) remains the low-hanging fruit and is priced by the third
quarter," Deutsche Bank said.
Draghi's view on the global outlook could change given China's
difficulties. In December, policymakers argued that earlier concerns
about developments in China had not been borne out.
But stock market turmoil there since the start of 2016, a falling
yuan and the weakest full-year growth figure in a quarter century
suggest the risks have in fact increased.
An even weaker yuan would export China's deflationary risk and
reduce the effectiveness of any rate cuts by limiting the ECB's
ability to weaken the euro.
Weakness in China could also persuade the U.S. Federal Reserve to
slow its rate increases, also putting the euro under firming
pressure.
(Additional reporting by Balazs Koranyi and Frank Siebelt Editing by
Jeremy Gaunt)
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