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 Federal and state health officials said on Monday it is not clear
how the individual contracted Zika, a virus that is most typically
transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito and occasionally
through sex with an infected person.
The person had not traveled to an area with active Zika transmission
nor had sex with a person who had recently returned from such a
place. Health officials say they are not aware of any mosquitoes in
Utah that are capable of transmitting the virus.
“The new case in Utah is a surprise, showing that we still have more
to learn about Zika,” said Dr. Erin Staples, CDC's medical
epidemiologist who is in Utah leading an investigation into how the
infection occurred.
“Fortunately, the patient recovered quickly, and from what we have
seen with more than 1,300 travel-associated cases of Zika in the
continental United States and Hawaii, non-sexual spread from one
person to another does not appear to be common.”
Experts outside the CDC say the most likely possibility is that the
person came into contact with blood or urine or other bodily fluids
while caring for the infected person.
"We are still doing a lot of investigation to understand whether
Zika can be spread person-to-person through contact with a sick
person," said Dr. Satish Pillai of the CDC, who is investigating the
case.
Gary Edwards, director of the Salt Lake County Health Department,
said the infected individual is a family contact of the man who
died.
The cause of the deceased person's death is still under
investigation, but the man was infected with Zika at the time of
death and officials believe the virus was a contributing factor. He
contracted Zika on a trip to a country with active transmission.
"We know that the patient had contact with the deceased patient
while the deceased patient was very ill. The exact nature of that
contact, we are still investigating," Edwards said.
CDC tests showed extremely high levels of virus in the deceased
man's blood, which were more than 100,000 times higher than seen in
other samples of infected people.
"This is a very unique situation with these elevated viral loads
that we haven't previously seen," Pillai told reporters in a
telephone briefing.
Dr. Michael Bell, a CDC medical epidemiologist, said it was not
clear whether the man's underlying condition had diminished his
immune system, allowing the virus to replicate unchecked, or if the
virus simply overpowered his immune system.
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Bell said CDC is taking the high viral load issue very seriously,
but said it is "too early to make a clear statement about what we
think could have happened."
Dr. Amesh Adalja, a spokesman for the Infectious Diseases Society of
America, said it will be important to know whether the family
contact of the deceased man had any skin lacerations or skin disease
that might have allowed the virus access to the patient's blood.
"We know bodily fluids like saliva and urine can harbor the virus,
he said.
Health officials are also investigating whether mosquitoes might
have played a role.
Tom Hudachko, director of communications for the Utah Department of
Health, said state officials are not aware of any mosquitoes known
to carry the Zika virus within Utah. He said there were a few Aedes
aegypti mosquitoes - the kind that carry Zika - discovered in traps
in the southwestern parts of the state several years ago, but there
have not been any since.
Utah does not have any Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, the other type
that has been found capable of transmitting Zika. Health officials
are doing mosquito trapping and testing near the deceased patient's
home "to make sure this is not a potential route of transmission,"
Hudachko said.
As of July 13, 2016, 1,306 cases of Zika have been reported in the
continental United States and Hawaii; none of these have been the
result of local spread by mosquitoes. Of these, 14 are believed to
be the result of sexual transmission and one was the result of
laboratory exposure.
(Reporting by Julie Steenhuysen; Editing by Bernard Orr and Cynthia
Osterman)
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