University of Illinois Extension
Test private wells to ensure safe drinking water
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[February 17, 2022]
A properly constructed and maintained water well can provide many
years of trouble-free service, but over time, wells can deteriorate
or become damaged, allowing surface contaminants to enter the water
in the well. In addition, groundwater can become contaminated.
Safe drinking water is crucial. Public water systems must monitor
water’s safety at least monthly. For private well owners, testing
falls on the homeowner. University of Illinois Extension's Doug
Gucker recommends annual inspections and testing.
"Spring is the best time to test your well’s water," Gucker says.
Illinois receives its largest amounts of rainfall from April through
June. During periods of higher rainfall, surface water may pick up
contaminants, such as bacteria, nitrates, or pesticides.
"If the upper part of your well has any cracks or leaks, this
contaminated water could find its way into your well," says Gucker.
"Additionally, you should test the well’s water after the well has
been opened, underwater, or in a fire."
Annual testing for bacteria and nitrates is recommended. Coliform
bacteria levels are tested to monitor bacterial safety.
"These bacteria do not usually cause disease or illness, but its
presence indicates surface contamination has found its way into your
well, alerting you to the possibility other disease-causing
organisms may be present."
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High nitrate levels in drinking water are a concern for children less than six
months old. Nitrogen, in the form of nitrates, is a common contaminant in
Illinois groundwater and likely caused by a malfunctioning septic system, animal
manure, or runoff from farm fields.
Coliform bacteria and nitrate testing can be done by most local Illinois public
health departments. To find your local county health department, visit the
Illinois Department of Public Health.
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"Consult your local health department to see if you should be testing for other
contaminants, such as volatile organic compounds (fuels and oils) or heavy
metals, Gucker says. "Certified labs can also test well water and may be your
only option for certain chemicals."
Careful water sampling is required to get accurate results from the water
testing kit that you received from the local county health department or a
certified lab. Read and follow all the instructions included in the testing kit,
Gucker advises.
More information on private well water testing can be found on the Illinois
Environmental Protection Agency,
Well Water Testing website or by contacting your local health department, or
the Illinois Department of Public Health at (217) 782-5830.
[WRITER: Doug Gucker, Illinois
Extension Local Food Systems Small Farms Educator] |