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"We’ve estimated that payments under the new bill are from $12 to nearly $16 per
acre higher than under the 1996 bill," said Dale Lattz, U of I Extension farm
management specialist who prepared the study with Gary Schnitkey, also an
Extension economist. "The jump ranges from $12.13 per acre on northern Illinois
grain farms to $13.72 on central Illinois farms to $15.97 in southern Illinois."
Caution must be used when interpreting the results because payments will vary
depending on an individual farm’s program acres and yields. The study is based
on data from the Illinois Farm Business Farm Management Association covering
grain farms in northern, central and southern Illinois. The data includes crop
yield and acreage information from 1998 through 2001. The 2001 crop year was
used as a base to make the comparisons.
According to Lattz, there has been considerable discussion concerning the level
of government expenditures estimated under the Farm Security and Rural
Investment Act of
2002
compared with payments under the 1996 Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform
Act.
"Popular press articles have indicated as much as a 70 percent increase in
government payments under the new bill," he said.
"Generally, these comparisons have not taken in consideration the additional
marketing loss assistance payments that have been paid since 1998."
Lattz said that final regulations for the new law have not been released and the
figures in the U of I study might change. He noted that southern Illinois farms
have lower estimated payments primarily due to lower corn acre and yield program
base.
[to top of second column in
this article] |
The new law contains provisions for
direct and counter-cyclical payments. The old law contained
provisions for production flexibility contract payments.
Additionally, market loss assistance and oilseed payments have been
made since 1998. For 2001, the flexibility contract payments and
additional market loss and oilseed payments ranged in Illinois from
$25 to $45 per acre, depending upon region. Both laws contain
provisions for loan deficiency payments and marketing loan gains.
"When comparing per acre differences in
payments between the 1996 and 2002 bills, one needs to remember that
the counter-cyclical payments are not guaranteed and are dependent
on commodity price levels," said Lattz. "On the other hand, market
loss assistance and oilseed payments were not guaranteed."
Lattz said the new bill requires a
number of decisions by producers.
"One of these is whether or not to
update base acres," he said. "If acres are updated, producers will
also need to decide whether to update yields or not. There are two
alternatives available for updating yields. Which among these
alternatives that will result in the maximum direct and
counter-cyclical payment may also depend on the payment rate for the
counter-cyclical payments. And this rate depends on the average
marketing year price.
"The decision on which alternative to
use when updating base acres and yields may not be easy."
A
spreadsheet tool to help producers analyze such decisions is
available on the U of I’s farmdoc website:
http://www.farmdoc.uiuc.edu/
manage/FarmBill/decisiontool.htm. A complete draft of the
comparison report is also available at farmdoc.
[U of I news release] |
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Kramer sees these squabbles as a golden opportunity for children to learn how to
manage conflict. "It’s a chance for children to learn to deal with negative
emotions, such as anger and frustration, in a safe environment," said Kramer.
"Conflict can also help children to define their beliefs. It helps foster the
development of one’s sense of self."
Through a research and outreach program, "Fun with Brothers and Sisters," Kramer
found that with instruction, modeling, role-playing and positive feedback, young
children can be taught social skills that facilitate healthy sibling
relationships. These children can then go on to use the skills in relationships
outside the home.
In
the study, 4- to 6-year-old children with younger siblings were taught six
important relationship skills. In a laboratory setting, with their parents
watching out of sight, the children learned how to invite their siblings to
play, how to accept an invitation to play and how to turn down an invitation.
They also were exposed to simple strategies for
"perspective-taking" (considering the other’s point of view), handling
frustration and negotiating conflicts.
"As
they played and conflict arose, the children learned to verbalize their angry
feelings instead of enacting them," said Kramer. "And they developed strategies
to manage conflict that combined skills in communication, perspective-taking,
emotional control and problem-solving. These skills helped them respond to
conflict situations constructively and without aggression."
The
children were given instruction, but in addition, toys and dolls were used to
model appropriate behavior. Then they had hands-on opportunities to try out
these new skills in role-playing games in which each child took turns pretending
to be the older or younger sibling.
[to top of second column in
this article] |
The instructors used large signs to
serve as visual clues, helping the children avoid impulsive
behavior. One sign indicated "stop," another triggered them to
"think" and the third to "talk." Finally, the children received
positive feedback as they attempted these newly learned skills.
"After four sessions in the laboratory,
a final session was held in the children’s home to encourage the use
of conflict-management skills in their own environment," said
Kramer.
These children, when compared with
those who merely received instruction through discussion, books and
videotapes, were more likely to respond positively to their
brothers’ or sisters’ requests to play and to consider their
siblings’ point of view. Parents noticed improvements in their
children’s relationships and reported that their older children were
also using the new social skills with their friends.
"These techniques may be useful for
parents," said Kramer. "When the inevitable conflict arises, parents
can encourage children to stop, think about their siblings’
perspective and talk things through."
"Learning
how to get along with brothers and sisters can contribute to
children’s social skills for better or for worse," said Kramer.
"Highly divisive sibling relationships can be predictive of later
problems, such as anti-social and disturbed behaviors in
adolescence. On the other hand, healthy relationships with siblings,
where conflict is well-managed, can last a lifetime and can enhance
a child’s social competence in the world."
[U of I news release] |
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The
history of the signal quilts dates to the days of slavery, in the
low country of South Carolina. There, some blacks who were planning
to escape their bondage were taught an intricate code of signals
that would help them successfully complete their journey north to
freedom. The signals
were pieced into colorful quilts that were displayed on the
plantations prior to the trip as mnemonic devices, or reminders, of
what they had learned, to increase their chances of success. Because
quilts were such a common household item, they aroused no suspicion.
The signals were "hidden in plain view."
The quilt code
remained a highly guarded secret, passed down through oral tradition
only to those deemed trustworthy. As time passed, fewer and fewer
people remembered the code, and some of those who learned it
considered it no longer important.
The late Ozella
Williams of Charleston, S.C., was one of the people who learned the
code from her grandmother and mother. Childless, Williams tried to
share the code with a niece, who found no value in it. In her old
age, seeking to complete her obligation to pass the code on,
Williams shared the information with Denver writer Jacqueline Tobin.
Tobin teamed with
quilter and historian Raymond Dobard to produce a book, "Hidden in
Plain View," which became an overnight sensation in the quilting
world. The book is available at Lincoln Public Library.
Sue Bidwell of Sew
Many Friends quilt shop, 127 S. Kickapoo St., will give a series of
lessons on preparing signal quilt blocks. All lessons will be
presented from 1:30 to 4:30 p.m. at Sew Many Friends. The shop is handicapped-accessible.
The lessons are for
people who would like to learn about and make the signal quilt
blocks, either to make into a quilt for the display or for their own
pleasure. Quilters will retain ownership of the blocks they make.
Beginning quilters,
as well as those with experience, are encouraged to participate in
both the quilting workshops and the show. One class will be given
for each of the 10 primary signal blocks listed in "Hidden in Plain
View." Because of limited space, each class will be limited to 15
participants, who must preregister.
[to top of second column in this
article]
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The fee for each
class is $5, which includes a free pattern and hands-on
instructions. Each person who completes the class will receive a $5
gift certificate good for fabric from Sew Many Friends.
• Participants have
the following choices: Buy a pre-cut quilt block kit at a cost of
$5; or bring pre-washed and ironed fabric and cut the block pieces
at the workshop. Those who plan to cut their own fabric should also
bring a plastic ruler, rotary cutter and mat. Information on the
shades and amount of fabric needed will be available when you
register.
• Bring your own
sewing machine, or bring a quilting needle and thimble and sew by
hand.
• Each participant
also should bring his or her own choice of thread, scissors, a
ripper and a gallon-sized reclosable bag for storing the quilt
pattern and pieces.
The quilt blocks will
be completed in order of ease of sewing, rather than the order of
the code. Lessons have been scheduled as follows:
• Bow Tie, July 14;
reservation deadline July 6.
• Crossroads, Aug.
17; reservation deadline Aug. 10.
• Log Cabin, Sept.
15; reservation deadline Sept. 7.
• Bear’s Paw, Oct.
12, reservation deadline, Oct. 5.
• Flying Geese, Nov.
10, reservation deadline Nov. 2.
• Monkey Wrench, Dec.
14, reservation deadline Dec. 7.
• Drunkard’s Path,
Jan. 12, reservation deadline Jan. 4.
• Double Wedding
Ring, Feb. 15, reservation deadline Feb. 8.
• Wagon Wheel, March
16, reservation deadline March 8.
• The April 19 class will provide tips
for setting the blocks together into a quilt top. Students will be
responsible for quilting or tying their own quilts or having them
quilted or tied.
[Thressia Usherwood,
Lincoln sesquicentennial publicity chairman] |
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Nutt said he had
received no word but assumes the money is an Illinois FIRST grant
resulting from the letter he sent Gov. George Ryan six months ago.
He emphasizes that the grant is "not a done deal" since it could
still be removed. But since the General Assembly has adjourned and
the governor approved the funding, Nutt is optimistic it won’t be
removed or vetoed.
Nutt also said he
does not know whether the grant is for the proposed museum, athletic
center or unspecified "capital construction," as in the case of two
previous Illinois FIRST grants totaling $1.1 million. If either of
the last two is the case, Nutt said, he’s ready to "put the hole in
the ground."
Once designed as a
single structure, the proposed Lincoln College athletic center and
museum now stand separate in architectural drawings. At graduation
on May 11, Nutt formally kicked off the fund drive for the two
buildings, with a substantial sum from individual and governmental
sources already in the coffers.
The athletic and
convocation center site is on Nicholson Road, just beyond where it
bends off Ottawa Street. Tentatively called the Lincoln Center, the
building includes a multipurpose gymnasium with bleacher seating for
1,000, wrestling area, offices for all members of the athletic
department, locker rooms, a community fitness center, hall of fame
and training room.
The proposed Lincoln
College Museum is located on the corner of Keokuk and Ottawa, across
from the college library, on the former site of the college tennis
courts. The facade, including limestone columns and facing, is
designed to remind the viewer of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington,
D.C., and the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum to be
built in Springfield. "A stately museum to a stately president" is
how curator Ron Keller puts it.
Though Nutt expects
both structures to be built within a couple of years, the athletic
center will come first because it directly affects the students. "We
have to have the gym," Nutt said. The Davidson-Sheffer Gymnasium, in
current use, was built in 1933.
The construction
budget for both projects totals $6.5 million, with the athletic
center accounting for $4.5 million. The college already had $4.5
million in May, Nutt said, but some of it is designated for
scholarships and restricted gifts. Besides the fund drive and
Illinois FIRST application, he has asked for a federal grant to
cover approximately half the $2 million cost of the museum.
A factor in
fund-raising is the proposed federal Charity Recovery and
Empowerment Act, which has already passed the House of
Representatives. Retroactive to Jan. 1, 2002, it provides for the
conversion of IRAs to charitable purposes without tax consequences.
If the Senate passes the bill, Nutt expects to raise any money he
still needs in a short time.
Several reasons
account for splitting the original building plan. First, Nutt said,
vouchers for the first two Illinois FIRST grants totaling $1.1
million, which were expected to be earmarked for the museum, said
capital construction instead, so the money can be used for the
athletic center. The two checks have time limits ending in June and
July of 2003. Second, the combined structure grew too large for its
site. Finally, some donors prefer to support a separate museum.
Dennis Shoemaker of
Diversified Buildings in Morton is architect for both projects. The
athletic and convocation center comprises 40,000 square feet. Nutt
said that with chairs on the floor the gymnasium will seat up to
3,000. Besides hosting graduation ceremonies and being home to Lynx
teams, it can accommodate end-of-the-season tournaments.
Plans also include a
fitness center with aerobic, cardiovascular and ergonomic equipment.
Membership will be available to the public. A pet project of Nutt’s
is the Logan County Hall of Fame, with photos of famous LC residents
from a variety of fields, though he expects sports to predominate.
Nutt hopes to install
a composition floor and dropped ceiling in Davidson-Sheffer
Gymnasium and use it for a variety of purposes. Physical education
classes, however, will be located in the new field house.
The
10,000-square-foot museum has an open design, specialized lighting
and environmental controls to protect the collection. Separate rooms
house the college’s rare-book collection and a 50-seat tiered
lecture room, which will also be used for presentations to tour
groups. Work areas, a vault and a kitchen complete the main floor.
There is also a full basement.
Ron Keller, curator
of the museum, is in no hurry to build. The museum must last for 50
years, he said, so it is important to take time and be sure all
needs have been anticipated. Besides, Keller and assistant Paul
Gleason, both at LC for about two years, have not yet completed
inventorying the collection.
Museum collections and tourism
Most impressive to
tourists are artifacts such as the rails split by Lincoln’s cousin
John Hanks in 1830 and the replica of Lincoln’s chair in Ford’s
Theatre. These three-dimensional objects are on display in the
current museum in McKinstry Library.
However, the museum
has many documents that are not displayed. These include letters
from every member of Lincoln’s cabinet, correspondence between
Lincoln and his eldest son, Robert Todd Lincoln, and documents from
people ranging from Robert E. Lee to Frederick Douglass.
Although most of the
collection deals with Lincoln’s presidential years, Keller plans to
emphasize the young, unbearded, pre-presidential Lincoln in the new
museum because that was the man who lived here. Tourists want to
know Lincoln as he was in Logan County, Keller said.
[to top of second column in
this article]
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He sees the LC museum
and the Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum in Springfield as
"both in business doing the same thing — increasing awareness of
Lincoln and educating the public." He and Nutt believe both will
increase tourism in the area.
About 2,300 visitors
toured the college museum last year, representing at least 30 states
and five foreign countries. The single biggest month is May, with
its many school tours, but the LC Parents Weekend logs the biggest
day. Most school tours are elementary classes, with five scheduled
this week. In summer, charter tours often have an Abraham Lincoln
theme but sometimes focus on Route 66.
Admission is free and
expected to remain so in the new structure. Keller said that because
the museum has "so many great benefactors" it need not be
self-sustaining. However, some revenue is generated by sale of items
such as Lincoln busts and statues, beanbag Lincolns, prints,
placemats, pens and pencils, toy soldiers, Lincoln penny earrings,
and over 40 book titles.
In the new museum
Keller plans exhibits consisting of panels using local sources, such
as Lawrence Stringer’s 1911 "History of Logan County, Illinois,"
with Lloyd Ostendorf prints as background. Ostendorf was widely
known for his depictions of Abraham Lincoln. The college owns one of
his paintings, "Lincoln and the Women He Loved," showing portraits
of Lincoln, his mother, stepmother and sister. Keller has obtained
permission to use other prints from Ostendorf’s heirs, who he says
are "quite excited" about the project.
The museum design
allows space for rotating displays as well as the permanent
collection. Nutt expects to see loaned exhibits from other
institutions at least twice a year. "We send Lincoln artifacts to
museums all over the world," he said, "so a lot of museums owe us."
He envisions exhibits on various themes, not necessarily
Lincoln-related, put together with pieces from several collections.
The LC museum’s
collection contains a repository of presidents, including signatures
of all U.S. presidents.
It also holds many
Logan County articles and maps. These are mostly documents and not
of high interest to tourists, but Keller does currently display a
1905 plat book and an 1800s document about building a road to
Middletown. Artifacts of local interest include a table owned by
Robert Latham and a chair from the Scully house. The new museum will
have a somewhat larger local history display. Keller said this idea
is still evolving.
For about a year the
college museum has been home to the Edward Madigan Collection,
consisting of papers dealing with the Lincoln native’s years as
congressman and secretary of agriculture, books on state government
and agriculture which he collected as a state representative,
pictures, and some personal items. At the request of Madigan’s
family a few books and letters were de-acquisitioned from the Bush
Presidential Library. Again, the collection is not of high tourist
interest but noteworthy in Logan County and Lincoln College history.
Madigan was a 1955 graduate and trustee of the school. "It’s a
priority in our minds" and worthy to be part of the permanent
exhibition, Keller said, even though the display will not be large.
The Lincoln Group of
Illinois, consisting of over 100 amateur Lincoln scholars currently
based at Illinois Benedictine College in Lisle, is moving its
headquarters to the LC museum in June. The group has some archives
and produces a newsletter, which will be coordinated with the one
published by the museum. Keller sees the move as a step toward
creating a research center.
Although
architectural drawings show stoplights and crosswalks at the
intersection of Keokuk and Ottawa, Nutt does not anticipate much
foot traffic across Keokuk. "I don’t view the museum as a part of
the college," he explained, expecting most visitors to be tourists.
Keller, on the other
hand, dreams of a museum and history program that will be a magnet
for students. Rosemary Porter, Keller’s first student intern, has
worked this year at "transcribing and documenting material on Logan
County history and Civil War warrant records, researching and
writing about Abraham Lincoln, assisting in the preparation of
museum displays, and giving tours for visitors to the museum," he
said. Her article on the Lincoln courtship appeared in the spring
2002 issue of the museum’s quarterly, The Lincoln Newsletter.
Ron Keller grew up in
Newton, Ill., and earned baccalaureate and master’s degrees in
history at Eastern Illinois University. He came to Lincoln College
after teaching one year at the elementary level and six years in
middle and high school. Besides being curator of the museum, he
teaches four courses per semester in history and government.
Former Lincoln Junior
High School history teacher Paul Gleason is assistant curator. Among
other tasks, he researches and answers questions on local history.
The two are organizing, cataloging and preserving materials on Logan
County in the 1860s borrowed from the local courthouse. This project
sparked collaboration on a book on Logan County soldiers in the
Civil War. Gleason is currently writing an article to submit to The
Lincoln Newsletter on how Logan County became involved in the war,
the number of troops and their experience at Shiloh. He expects to
use the article as prelude to the book.
After the museum’s move, its present
quarters in McKinstry Library will become an art gallery, and the
current Layman Gallery, with entrance beside the card catalog, will
be absorbed into the college library.
[Lynn
Shearer Spellman]
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