The two were stopped by gunmen outside the southern Afghan city of Kandahar, said Gov. Asadullah Khalid. He blamed the kidnappings on the "enemy of Islam and the enemy of Afghanistan."
Several Westerners - including two German construction workers and two Italian journalists
- have been kidnapped in Afghanistan in the last year, but this was the first kidnapping of an American in recent memory.
Traveling around Kandahar city has turned increasingly dangerous in the last year, as the Taliban insurgency has spread throughout southern Afghanistan. Western civilians who operate there often travel with armed guards and with extreme caution. The area is rife with Taliban militants but also with criminals linked to the country's booming opium poppy trade.
Khalid said the 49-year-old American was wearing a burqa when she was taken. She worked for the aid agency Asian Rural Life Development Foundation, he said.
The U.S. Embassy said it had no immediate information.
Khalid said the armed gunmen had not contacted the government or the woman's aid organization. He said police and intelligence officials were working to find her.
Projects run by the Asian Rural Life Development Foundation are located around the city of Kandahar and include food for work, irrigation rehabilitation, health care and restoration projects, according to the group's Web site.