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Under the rules going into effect Thursday, people will no longer be allowed to simply declare to immigration officers at border crossings that they are citizens, Jayson Ahern, deputy commissioner with U.S. Customs and Border Protection, said Tuesday.
Instead, those 19 and older will have to show proof of citizenship -- a passport, trusted traveler card or a birth certificate and government-issued ID such as a driver's license.
"We'll be asking those who cross our borders to present to us secure, more reliable documents to prove citizenship and to confirm their identity," said Ahern, who is heading a national effort to call attention to the changes.
"Those who do not present those documents ... may be delayed in entering the country as we try to verify the identity as well as determine the citizenship of the individual," he said.
But Ahern also said officers at the ports will have latitude to admit people who are unaware of the changes once their identities are confirmed.
Ron Smith, a spokesman for U.S. Customs and Border Protection in Detroit, which has the busiest northern border crossing, also said the agency will provide a grace period for travelers without the extra ID, and will hand out fliers explaining the changes.
"The first couple of days, weeks maybe, could add a few seconds to the inspection process. But once people become aware of these requirements, and we're getting the word out to them ... those minor delays should disappear," Smith said.
He said few people have crossed the northern border by just declaring their nationality since the 2001 terrorist attacks, because officers have always had the discretion to request documents.
Congress approved the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative in 2004, which requires verified citizenship and identification of all those entering the country from Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean. The passport requirement for land and sea crossings has been delayed until June 2009.
Mexican citizens will continue to have to present valid passports and visas. Canadian citizens previously were not required to show a passport, but will need one after next year.
"In the post-9/11 world, oral declarations are simply not enough to secure the country's borders," Ahern said. There is to great a risk that drug and human smugglers, homicide suspects, and terrorists could enter, he said.
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 Over the last two fiscal years, 31,000 people who claimed at the borders to be U.S. citizens were not, Ahern said.
Critics, particularly in northern border states, have assailed Department of Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff over the changes. Sen. Norm Coleman, R-Minn., accused him of not understanding "the practical effects of DHS policies on the everyday lives of border community residents."
But Ahern said new passport cards the size of credit cards will allow citizens to cross the U.S.-Mexican border effectively and efficiently. Applications should be available starting Friday, although processing will take three to four months. Cards without previously issued passports will cost $45 for adults and $35 for children; they will cost $20 and $10, respectively, for those with passports.
Drivers' licenses enhanced with proof of citizenship and a radio frequency identification chip also will be accepted, Ahern added. Four states including Arizona have signed up for a federal program to offer the licenses. British Columbia also is experimenting with similar new high-tech licenses.
Ahern said he does not expect delays at entry ports over the new requirements
-- contradicting Chertoff's comments earlier this month that longer lines will be inevitable at first.
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On the Net:
U.S. Customs and Border Protection: http://www.cbp.gov/
[Associated
Press; By ARTHUR H. ROTSTEIN]
Associated Press writers Jeff Karoub in Detroit and Tim Klass in Seattle contributed to this report.
Copyright 2007 The Associated
Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published,
broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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