While the selections for medicine, physics, chemistry and economics are usually met by approval from the scientific community, the peace and literature committees nearly always face accusations of political bias.
The top member of the Swedish Academy, which awards the literature prize, sparked a furor in U.S. literary circles this week by saying the United States is too insular and ignorant to challenge Europe as the center of the literary world.
But Horace Engdahl, the academy's permanent secretary, rejected the notion that politics has anything to do with Nobel decisions.
"One doesn't read literature with the same part of the brain as one votes for a political party," he told The Associated Press.
Peace Prize speculation is focusing on human rights, partly because 2008 is the 60th anniversary of the signing of the U.N. Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. Coincidentally, the declaration was signed on Dec. 10, the date of the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and the anniversary of prize founder Alfred Nobel's death in 1896.
Peace researcher Stein Toennesson, whose picks tend to shape world speculation, was leaning toward Chinese dissidents Gao Zhisheng and Hu Jia, both arrested and jailed through the Beijing Olympics to keep them out of the public eye.
Toennesson, director of the Peace Research Institute in Oslo, said the prize committee might pick a Chinese activist "in view of the fact that the Olympic Games did not bring the improvement many had hoped for, but instead led to a number of strict security measures."
He also suggested Russian lawyer and activist Lidia Yusupova as a way of drawing attention to human rights abuses in Russia, and to remember Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya, who was gunned down in 2006.
Another possible pick is Vietnamese Thich Quang, a Buddhist monk and dissident who has spent more than 25 years in detention for his peaceful protests against Vietnam's communist regime.
Toennesson also mentioned Iftikhar Mohammed Chaudhry, a Pakistani Supreme Court chief justice who was suspended after defying then-President Pervez Musharraf; as well as the Cluster Munitions Coalition for its role in drafting a treaty banning cluster bombs, or an organization such as Human Rights Watch.
"We always watch Stein Toennesson's predictions with interest," said Geir Lundestad, the prize committee's nonvoting secretary. Beyond that, he would only say there were 197 nominations and that the winner would be announced Oct. 10.
Last year, the Peace Prize was shared by former Vice President Al Gore and the U.N. panel on climate change for raising awareness about global warming.
