It wasn't even one of the 10 most-watched presidential debates, falling well short of the record 80.6 million people who saw the only debate between President Carter and Ronald Reagan in 1980, Nielsen said.
Nielsen's count includes 11 networks that televised the debate: ABC, CBS, Fox, NBC, CNN, Fox News Channel, MSNBC, CNBC, BBC America, Telemundo and Telefutura. Nielsen did not have estimates of the audience for the non-commercial PBS and C-SPAN.
Two factors may have held the audience down:
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It wasn't clear until midday Friday that the debate was even taking place; McCain earlier in the week had called for it to be postponed because of the nation's financial crisis but changed his mind on Friday and agreed to participate.
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Friday traditionally has fewer viewers than any other night but Saturday because more people are going out.
Still, the 52.4 million would make it the most popular television event since the Super Bowl.
The debate between vice presidential contenders Joe Biden and Sarah Palin is scheduled for Thursday, usually a big night for TV viewing. The most-watched vice presidential debate ever was in 1984, when 56.7 million people watched Vice President Bush take on Geraldine Ferraro, the first woman on a major party ticket.