US sends message to Syria, Congress with diplomacy

[July 09, 2011]  WASHINGTON (AP) -- The Obama administration sent two distinct messages by dispatching the U.S. ambassador to Syria to meet anti-regime protesters in a besieged city. To Syrian President Bashar Assad: Reform now. To critics in the U.S. of its engagement policy: Stop complaining.

Greeted by demonstrators with roses and cheers, the envoy, Robert Ford, on Friday finished a two-day trip to the restive city of Hama aimed at driving home the message that the United States stands with those in the Syrian streets braving a brutal government crackdown.

The visit prompted fierce reaction from the Syrian regime and a renewed American warning that Assad was failing to stabilize his country by satisfying the democratic yearnings of his people.

Ford "had a chance to talk to lots of average citizens -- these were shopkeepers, people out on the street, young men," said Victoria Nuland, the State Department spokeswoman. "When he got into the city, the car was immediately surrounded by friendly protesters who were putting flowers on the windshield, they were putting olive branches on the car, they were chanting `Down with the regime!' It was quite a scene."

So far, the U.S. government has refused to call for an end to the Assad family's four-decade dynasty. The government's harsh repression of dissent has escalated the crisis with protesters increasingly calling for Assad's ouster after 11 years full of promises of democratic reform but little change from the iron-fisted rule of his father.

The Obama administration has grown increasingly disgusted with the violence in Syria that has claimed the lives of 1,600 people plus 350 members of the security forces. Yet it hasn't mustered sufficient international outrage to secure a U.N. condemnation of Assad's government or a unified global demand that he step down.

The administration can't press too hard by itself because the threat of military action wouldn't be taken seriously while it is trying to wind down wars in neighboring Iraq and in Afghanistan, and struggling to justify its participation in an international coalition against Moammar Gadhafi in Libya.

The solution has been to balance stinging criticism of the Assad regime's conduct with continued pleas for it to lead a democratic transition. But the measured approach has faced a clamoring at home and in Syria for tougher action.

There has been no U.S. ambassador in Syria for the five previous years in protest of alleged Syrian involvement in the assassination of a Lebanese politician who had criticized Syrian domination of his country.

Republican members of Congress have challenged Ford's continued presence in the country, calling it an unwarranted reward to Assad's often pro-Iran and anti-U.S. government stance, and untenable in light of recent violence against civilians.

Ford's participation in a Syrian government-organized trip to the country's north last month didn't help. The State Department said at the time that Ford's outing to the abandoned town of Jisr al-Shughour allowed him to "see for himself the results of the Syrian government's brutality." However, he mostly encountered deserted streets and buildings that wouldn't prove the existence of a foreign conspiracy to destabilize Syria, as the government claims, or mass atrocities, as Western governments and human rights groups allege.

Ford has been rebuffed in several attempts to speak directly with senior Syrian officials.

"Any continued presence of a U.S. ambassador will either be used by the regime for propaganda purposes or just plain ignored," Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, R-Fla., said last month. Ros-Lehtinen, chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, said Ford's participation in the government trip "compromised U.S. credibility with freedom and pro-democracy advocates within Syria."

U.S. officials nevertheless insist that Ford is serving a vital role in making American concerns known to the Syrian government and providing assessments to policymakers back in Washington. Beyond that, he is providing moral support to protesters, officials say.

Ford's trip allowed him to see firsthand the lies of the Syrian regime, Nuland told reporters. While the government blames foreign instigators or armed gangs for unrest, Ford "witnessed average Syrians asking for change in their country," she said.

In recent days, Hama residents have largely sealed off their city, setting up makeshift checkpoints with burning tires and concrete blocks to keep security forces away.

The government seized on Ford's visit to insist that foreign conspirators lay behind the unrest and called it proof the U.S. was inciting violence in the Arab nation. The U.S. is trying to "aggravate the situations which destabilize Syria," the state-run news agency said Friday.

Nuland called the claim "absolute rubbish."

"The reason for his visit was to stand in solidarity with the right of the Syrian people to demonstrate peacefully," she said.

Nuland also disputed the Syrian argument that Ford's trip was unauthorized, explaining that the U.S. embassy informed the government ahead of time.

"They really need to focus their attention on what their citizens have to say, rather than on spending their time picking at Ambassador Ford," Nuland said.

Ford left Hama during Friday prayers ahead of what are usually the week's largest protests. He returned to Damascus safely Friday afternoon.

Separately Friday, the State Department said it summoned Syria's ambassador to the U.S. earlier this week after receiving alarming reports of Syrian diplomats conducting video and photographic surveillance of people participating in protests in the United States.

The U.S. government is also investigating claims that Assad's government targeted Syrian family members of demonstrators in retaliation, a statement said.

[Associated Press; By BRADLEY KLAPPER and MATTHEW LEE]

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