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 The turnout was far smaller than the tens of thousands who filled Moscow streets in protests that erupted after fraud-plagued parliamentary elections last December. Soon after Putin returned to the presidency in May, Russia passed a law harshly raising the fines for participating in unauthorized gatherings.
Several prominent opposition figures were detained after city authorities did not grant permission for the rally to take place.
There was a heavy police presence Saturday around the approximately 3,000 activists who came to Lubyanka Square for the rally. The square is outside the headquarters of the Federal Security Service, the main successor agency of the Soviet KGB.
The square also holds the Solovetsky Stone, a monument to the victims of political repression during the Soviet era. The stone comes from the Solovestky archipelago, the site of early prison camps considered the beginning of the Gulag system.
Many rally participants laid flowers at the stone. About 90 minutes into the rally, police arrested about a dozen people who were walking around the monument chanting "Free political prisoners."
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 Earlier, police reported that opposition leaders Sergei Udaltsov and Alexei Navalny had been detained, along with other prominent figures including blogger Ilya Yashin and Ksenia Sobchak, a glamorous TV personality.
One person who braved frigid temperatures and the threat of huge fines to come to Saturday's gathering was 67-year-old Andrei Lyakhov, a retired physicist.
"At a minimum, the government will understand that there is some kind of opposition," he said about why he came.
[Associated
Press]
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