Japan to join talks on Pacific trade pact

[March 15, 2013]  TOKYO (AP) -- Prime Minister Shinzo Abe announced Friday that Japan will join talks on a Pacific trade pact that would oblige the country to open up sheltered industries including farming, long a bastion of protectionism.

The decision to seek participation in the U.S.-led Trans-Pacific Partnership, or TPP, raised protests from farmers, who are a traditional bastion of support for Abe's Liberal Democratic Party.

Many in Japan, however, see the pact as a way to overcome stubborn resistance to reforms essential for reviving the stagnant economy. In a national address, Abe said Japan has no choice but to opt for the growth that comes with freer trade or lose out to other countries that are capitalizing on such market opening.

"Japan has run into a big wall -- low birthrate, aging and lingering deflation -- and we have turned inward looking," he said. "If Japan becomes the only one that turns inward, there is no chance for our growth. No businesses would want to invest in such a country and talented people would not be interested."

"Joining TPP would be the beginning of a new Japan," Abe said.

He repeatedly pledged to guard Japan's national interest and ensure that the trade pact would benefit farmers as well as other Japanese.

"What we really should fear is doing nothing," Abe said. "I promise you that we will guard our sovereignty as we pursue our national benefit through these negotiations."

Despite such promises, Japan's tariffs on farm products would likely have to come down: the average tariff on imported rice is nearly 800 percent, while rates for butter and sugar are over 300 percent.

The decision to join the talks dovetails with his "Abenomics" economic strategy, which is based on easing monetary policy, boosting public spending and longer-term reforms.

"TPP is a core issue for Japan right now. The main thing is that Abenomics, the plan of getting Japan moving and growing again, does not only depend on printing more money or on fiscal spending, but really depends on liberalizing the economy," said Martin Schulz, an economist at Fujitsu Research Institute in Tokyo.

"For that, TPP is a core part because it involves all sectors, from energy, to agriculture, insurances, the car industry as well. That would be a big step for Japan," Schulz said.

Japan's agricultural lobby is small but politically powerful. However, after two decades of stagnation, calls by big business groups such as the Keidanren to join the trade pact or miss out on easier access to key export markets appear to have outweighed objections from farmers.

The average age of Japanese farmers is 66 and hundreds of thousands will retire in the coming years.

"If we don't do anything about this, we cannot protect our villages or our beautiful countryside," Abe said. "And that is the reality we face, whether or not we join TPP."

News reports Friday said the government estimates that joining the Pacific trade agreement would boost Japan's GDP by as much as 3 trillion yen ($31 billion) a year, equal to about 0.7 percent of GDP in the first year.

With Japan's participation, the free trade zone "would cover basically 40 percent of (world) GDP. It would be a very, very big area and it would have a significant impact," Schulz said.

Abe held back from committing to the trade pact until his recent visit to the U.S., where after meeting with President Barack Obama the two leaders issued a statement appearing to offer some wiggle room for Abe on thorny issues such as heavy protections for Japan's rice farmers.

Apart from the imperative for reforming the economy, Abe's agreement to push ahead with trade liberalization also reflects geopolitical realities: Japan's status as the leading U.S. ally in Asia also swayed the decision to participate in the trade talks.

"We have no choice," said Masayuki Kichikawa, of Bank of America-Merrill Lynch. "This is kind of a very delicate matter for Mr. Abe."

That angers some groups who object to foreign influence over domestic policy, including those who view the plan as an American scheme to usurp Japan's sovereignty.

"Obama has threatened Japan and forced us into joining TPP," Takaaki Tabuchi, a financial consultant, shouted to a group of about 20 protesters who gathered near Tokyo's Shibuya train station late Thursday.

"Preserve our livelihoods. Reject TPP," they chanted, largely ignored by passers-by.

The protests this time, including a big gathering of farmers who conducted a rally at Tokyo's Hibiya Park on Tuesday, appear to lack the scale or passion of past anti-TPP demonstrations.

But Akira Banzai, head of Japan's Zenchu, the Central Union of Agricultural Cooperatives, vowed Friday to persist in resisting the trade deal.

"Along with farmers across the nation, I protest with outrage," Banzai said in a statement. "To protect our food, our livelihoods and our survival, we will staunchly resist TPP to the very end."

Abe said Japan must join the talks or miss its chance to have any say in negotiations on the trade pact, since the Obama administration has said it hopes to wrap up negotiations by the year's end, though including Japan could slow the process.

In Washington, Democratic lawmakers presented a letter addressed to Obama raising concerns that the pact may threaten the U.S. auto industry.

They contend that Japanese auto exports to the United States could increase if the United States eliminates its current 2.5 percent car tariffs and 25 percent truck tariffs.

[Associated Press; By ELAINE KURTENBACH]

Associated Press writer Mari Yamaguchi contributed to this report.

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