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 That was typical of the independent — and often irascible —
author who died Sunday after a long career that included "The Golden
Notebook," a 1962 novel that made her an icon of the women's
movement. Lessing's books reflected her own improbable journey
across the former British Empire, and later her vision of a future
ravaged by atomic warfare.
The exact cause of Lessing's death at her home in London was not
immediately disclosed, and her family requested privacy. She was 94.
"Even in very old age she was always intellectually restless,
reinventing herself, curious about the changing world around us,
always completely inspirational," her editor at HarperCollins,
Nicholas Pearson, said in one of the many tributes.
Lessing explored topics ranging from colonial Africa to dystopian
Britain, from the mystery of being female to the unknown worlds of
science fiction. In winning the Nobel literature prize, the Swedish
Academy praised Lessing for her "skepticism, fire and visionary
power."
The often-polarizing Lessing never saved her fire for the page. The
targets of her vocal ire in recent years included former President
George W. Bush — "a world calamity" — and modern women — "smug,
self-righteous." She also raised hackles by deeming the 9/11
terrorist attacks on the United States "not that terrible."
She remains best known for "The Golden Notebook," in which heroine
Anna Wulf uses four notebooks to bring together the separate parts
of her disintegrating life. The novel covers a range of previously
unmentionable female conditions — menstruation, orgasms and
frigidity — and made Lessing an icon for women's liberation. But it
became so widely talked about and dissected that she later referred
to it as a "failure" and "an albatross."
Published in Britain in 1962, the book did not make it to France or
Germany for 14 years because it was considered too inflammatory.
When it was republished in China in 1993, 80,000 copies sold out in
two days.
"It took realism apart from the inside," said Lorna Sage, an
academic who knew Lessing since the 1970s. "Lessing threw over the
conventions she grew up in to stage a kind of breakdown — to
celebrate disintegration as the representative experience of a
generation."
Although she continued to publish at least one book every two years,
she received little attention for her later works and was often
criticized as didactic and impenetrable.
Lessing was 88 when she won the Nobel literature prize, making her
the oldest recipient of the award.
"This is pure political correctness," American literary critic
Harold Bloom said in 2007 after Lessing won the Nobel Prize.
"Although Ms. Lessing at the beginning of her writing career had a
few admirable qualities, I find her work for the past 15 years quite
unreadable ... fourth-rate science fiction."
While Lessing defended her turn to science fiction as a way to
explore "social fiction," she, too, was dismissive of the Nobel
honor.
After emerging from a London black cab, groceries in hand, that day
in 2007, she said:
"I can't say I'm overwhelmed with surprise," Lessing said. "I'm 88
years old and they can't give the Nobel to someone who's dead, so I
think they were probably thinking they'd probably better give it to
me now before I've popped off."
As the international media surrounded her in her garden, she
brightened when a reporter asked whether the Nobel would generate
interest in her work.
"I'm very pleased if I get some new readers," she said. "Yes, that's
very nice, I hadn't thought of that."
Born Doris May Tayler on Oct. 22, 1919, in Persia (now Iran), where
her father was a bank manager, Lessing moved to Southern Rhodesia
(now Zimbabwe) at age 5 and lived there until she was 29.
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Strong-willed from the start, she read works by Charles Dickens and
Rudyard Kipling by age 10 and lived by the motto, "I will not."
Educated at a Roman Catholic girls school in Salisbury (now Harare),
she left before finishing high school.
At 19, she married her first husband, Frank Wisdom, with whom she
had a son and a daughter. She left that family in her early 20s and
became drawn into the Left Book Club, a group of literary communists
and socialists headed by Gottfried Lessing, the man who would become
her second husband and father her third child.
But Lessing became disillusioned with the communist movement and in
1949, at 30, left her second husband to move to Britain. Along with
her young son, Peter, she packed the manuscript of her first novel,
"The Grass is Singing." The novel, which used the story of a woman
trapped in a loveless marriage to portray poverty and racism in
Southern Rhodesia, was published in 1950 to great success in Europe
and the United States.
Lessing then embarked on the first of five deeply autobiographical
novels — from "Martha Quest" to "The Four-Gated City" — works that
became her "Children of Violence" series.
Her nonfiction work ranged from "Going Home" in 1957, about her
return to Southern Rhodesia, to "Particularly Cats," a book about
her pets, published in 1967.
In the 1950s, Lessing became an honorary member of a writers' group
known as the Angry Young Men who were seen as injecting a radical
new energy into British culture. Her home in London became a center
not only for novelists, playwrights and critics but also for
drifters and loners.
Lessing herself denied being a feminist and said she was not
conscious of writing anything particularly inflammatory when she
produced "The Golden Notebook."
Lessing's early novels decried the dispossession of black Africans
by white colonials and criticized South Africa's apartheid system,
prompting the governments of Southern Rhodesia and South Africa to
bar her in 1956.
Later governments overturned that order. In June 1995, the same year
that she received an honorary degree from Harvard University, she
returned to South Africa to see her daughter and grandchildren.
In Britain, Lessing won the Somerset Maugham Award in 1954, and was
made a Companion of Honor in 1999. That honor came after she turned
down the chance to become a Dame of the British Empire — on the
ground that there was no such thing as the British Empire at the
time.
Lessing often presented women — herself included — as vain and
territorial, and insisted in the introduction for a 1993 reissue
that "The Golden Notebook" was not a "trumpet for women's
liberation."
"I think a lot of romanticizing has gone on with the women's
movement," she told The Associated Press in a 2006 interview.
"Whatever type of behavior women are coming up with, it's claimed as
a victory for feminism — doesn't matter how bad it is. We don't seem
to go in very much for self-criticism."
But what about that day with the press camped on her door — a video
of which was copied and widely displayed by Twitter followers noting
her passing in sadness. Was she really dismissive of the Nobel? Her
editor, Pearson, said her reaction corresponded with her
personality.
"That was typical Doris. She took things in their stride," he said.
"I think she was delighted."
She is survived by her daughter, Jean, and granddaughters Anna and
Susannah.
[Associated
Press; DANICA KIRKA]
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