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 Three-time Pakistani premier Nawaz Sharif and India's Manmohan Singh are due to meet Sunday on the sidelines of the U.N. General Assembly. It is their first face-to-face since Sharif's election victory in May. Singh will step down next year.
Sharif calls the meeting a chance for a "new beginning," but Singh has tamped down expectations for the talks which take place amid an upsurge in militant attacks in disputed Kashmir. Speaking Friday after a White House meeting with President Barack Obama, Singh said, "the epicenter of terror still remains focused in Pakistan."
The need for peace between the South Asian nuclear rivals has rarely been greater. They have been at loggerheads since Britain granted independence and carved up the subcontinent in 1947, but the impending U.S. military withdrawal from Afghanistan adds new uncertainty to a region increasingly threatened by Islamic militancy.
"It's timely for them to meet," said Karl Inderfurth, a former top U.S. diplomat for South Asia and now at the Center for Strategic and International Studies think tank in Washington.
"It's Nawaz Sharif's first chance as the new prime minister to reach across to his Indian counterpart and it's maybe Manmohan Singh's last chance to do what he has repeatedly said he wants to do, which is open up a new relationship with Pakistan."
Both men are familiar with the pitfalls of seeking to improve ties between India and Pakistan -- a relationship scarred by three wars and deep mutual suspicion.
Sharif was in power when Pakistan first tested a nuclear bomb in 1998. But he also presided over one of the more upbeat episodes in recent relations with India.
He hosted then-Prime Minister Atal Vajpayee for a summit in Lahore in February 1999, where they signed a landmark declaration on avoiding nuclear conflict and opened a cross-border bus service.
Three months later the impetus for peace was crushed when a Pakistani military quietly infiltrated into an area of Indian-held Kashmir called Kargil, sparking fighting that left hundreds dead on both sides and could have sparked nuclear war. Sharif, who said the army acted without his knowledge, was ousted in a coup five months later.
Back in office again, Sharif is particularly keen to increase cross-border trade to jump-start Pakistan's stricken economy.
"Pakistan and India can prosper together, and the entire region would benefit from our cooperation," Sharif told the General Assembly Friday.
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 But Singh has said relations can only improve once Pakistan cracks down on militants accused on staging attacks in India -- a perennial concern that has only intensified since the 2008 Mumbai attacks that killed 164 people in India's commercial hub. On Friday, Singh said, "the epicenter of terror still remains focused in Pakistan."
A renewed spate of violence along the disputed Kashmir frontier this year has threatened a decade-long cease-fire. On Thursday, suspected separatist rebels killed 10 Indian security forces in the Indian-held portion of the Himalayan region -- an attack that the top elected official there said was aimed at derailing the meeting of Sharif and Singh in New York.
Yet with time running out on his nearly decadelong premiership, Singh will be thinking about his legacy.
He was born in the northern Punjab village of Gah in what later became Pakistan, and within a year of taking office invited then-Pakistani leader Pervez Musharraf to a cricket match in India. The two made heartening progress in talks and even pronounced in 2005 that the peace process between India and Pakistan was "irreversible."
Subsequent events, particularly the Mumbai attacks, proved that to be a folly.
Formidable obstacles remain toward achieving a lasting peace. Despite increasing people-to-people ties and tentative moves to ease barriers to commerce and travel, the security establishments on both sides still regard the other as the enemy. As well as the core dispute of Kashmir, the two nations competing interests in Afghanistan could intensify when the U.S. withdraws.
[Associated
Press; By MATTHEW PENNINGTON]
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