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			 The 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Chicago ruled against 
			public employee unions that represent workers for the city of 
			Madison and Dane County. 
 			In January 2013, the same court ruled against other unions, 
			including the Wisconsin Education Association Council, in another 
			case that raised similar objections. 
 			The controversial law, called Act 10, triggered an unsuccessful 
			effort to recall the state's Republican Governor, Scott Walker. The 
			legislation prevents public sector workers, known as "general 
			employees," from collective bargaining on issues other than base 
			wages, imposes tough recertification requirements and bars employers 
			from automatically deducting union dues from paychecks. 			
			
			  
 			The unions raised several constitutional objections, including that 
			the law violates their right to petition the government and their 
			right to free association under the First Amendment. 
 			The court said there is no legal precedent saying the right to 
			petition gives unions a constitutional right to collective 
			bargaining. Likewise, Judge Joel Flaum wrote in the majority 
			opinion, unions do not have a free association right to engage in 
			negotiations. 
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			"The unions cannot wield the First Amendment to force Wisconsin to 
			engage in a dialogue or continue the state's previous policies," 
			Flaum wrote. 
 			The case is Laborers Local 236 v. Walker, 7th U.S. Circuit Court of 
			Appeals, 13-3193. 
 			(Reporting by Lawrence Hurley; editing by Mohammad Zargham) 
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