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 In a long-awaited report that will be debated by member states at a
meeting in October in Moscow, the United Nations health agency also
voiced concern at the concentration of the $3 billion market in the
hands of transnational tobacco companies.
The WHO launched a public health campaign against tobacco a decade
ago, clinching the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
Since entering into force in 2005, it has been ratified by 179
states but the United States has not joined it.
The treaty recommends price and tax measures to curb demand as well
as bans on tobacco advertising and illict trade in tobacco products.
Prior to Tuesday's report the WHO had indicated it would favour
applying similar restrictions to all nicotine-containing products
including smokeless ones.
In the report, the WHO said there are 466 brands of e-cigarettes and
the industry represents "an evolving frontier filled with promise
and threat for tobacco control".
It urged a range of regulatory options, including banning
e-cigarette makers from making health claims such as that they help
people quit smoking, until they provide convincing supporting
scientific evidence.
Smokers should use a combination of already-approved treatments for
kicking the habit, it said.
While evidence indicates that they are likely to be less toxic than
conventional cigarettes, the use of e-cigarettes poses a threat to
adolescents and the fetuses of pregnant women using them, it said.
"NOT MERELY WATER VAPOUR"
E-cigarettes also increase the exposure of bystanders and
non-smokers to nicotine and other toxicants, it said regarding
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems that it calls ENDS.
"In summary, existing evidence shows that ENDS aeorsol is not merely
'water vapour' as is often claimed in the marketing for these
products," the WHO said in the 13-page report.
E-cigarettes should be regulated to "minimise content and emissions
of toxicants", and those solutions with fruit, candy-like and
alcohol-drinks flavours should be banned until proven they are not
attractive to children and adolescents, it said.
Adolescents are increasingly experimenting with e-cigarettes, with
their use in this age group doubling between 2008 and 2012, it said.
Vending machines should be removed in almost all locations, it
added.
Scientists are divided on the risks and potential benefits of
e-cigarettes, which are widely considered to be a lot less harmful
than conventional cigarettes.
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One group of researchers warned the WHO in May not to classify them
as tobacco products, arguing that doing so would jeopardise an
opportunity to slash disease and deaths caused by smoking.
Opposing experts argued a month later that the WHO should hold firm
to its plan for strict regulations.
Major tobacco companies including Imperial Tobacco, Altria Group,
Philip Morris International and British American Tobacco are
increasingly launching their own e-cigarette brands as sales of
conventional products stall in Western markets.
A Wells Fargo analyst report in July projected that U.S. sales of
e-cigarettes would outpace conventional ones by 2020.
Uptake of electronic cigarettes, which use battery-powered
cartridges to produce a nicotine-laced inhalable vapour, has
rocketed in the last two years and analysts estimate the industry
had worldwide sales of some $3 billion in 2013.
But the devices are controversial. Because they are so new there is
a lack of long-term scientific evidence to support their safety and
some fear they could be "gateway" products to nicotine addiction and
tobacco smoking.
The American Heart Association said in a report on Monday that it
considered e-cigarettes that contain nicotine to be tobacco products
and therefore supports their regulation under existing laws on the
use and marketing of tobacco products.
"Although the levels of toxic constituents in e-cigarette aerosol
are much lower than those in cigarette smoke, there is still some
level of passive exposure,” the AHA said.
(Reporting by Stephanie Nebehay in Geneva; additional reporting by
Ben Hirschler and Martinne Geller in London, Editing by Angus
MacSwan)
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