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 A year later, the U.S. president's flagship project for Africa has
already achieved 25 percent of its goal to deliver 10,000 megawatts
of electricity and bring light to 20 million households and
businesses, according to its annual report.
But the five-year plan has not yet delivered the power.
Power Africa has not measured its progress by counting actual
megawatts added to the grid but promises of additional power made in
deals it says it helped negotiate, according to sources inside the
project and documents seen by Reuters.
Some projects facilitated by Power Africa -- a program operated by
the U.S. aid agency USAID -- were under way years before the
scheme's inception, others are still in the planning stage.
It is unclear how much of the $7 billion Obama pledged has actually
been spent or if a further $20 billion in private sector investment
commitments will materialize.
"Saying you've met targets on projects that might never happen or
taking the credit for projects that have been worked on for years
makes me uncomfortable," a source working on Power Africa told
Reuters. "It's misleading."
Obama's pledge to double power generation in Africa within five
years looked highly ambitious from the start. Per capita electricity
output in Sub-Saharan Africa has been flat for three decades because
most promised power plants never get built.
"We're dealing with megawatts on paper, rather than on the grid," a
second source working on the project said.
"Is that really what Obama promised?"
The first African-American U.S. president, the son of a Kenyan
father, Obama has often been criticized for a lukewarm engagement in
Africa, consisting more of words than deeds.
"WE'RE LIKE A PHARMACIST"
The 48 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, with a combined population
of 800 million, produce roughly the same amount of power as Spain, a
country of just 46 million. This constrains Africa's growth and
keeps hundreds of millions in poverty.
Power Africa coordinator Andrew Herscowitz told Reuters there had
been some confusion about the role of the program. He said it was
always intended to "expedite transactions", facilitating private
investment rather than handing out aid.
Herscowitz said Power Africa was there to help the private sector
deliver electricity and it had already negotiated commitments from
companies worth $20 billion, although he did not know how much of
this money had been spent.
"We’re like a pharmacist, where people come to us, we reach out to
people and figure out what is needed," he said.
"In some projects we may have a lot of involvement and in some we
have very little involvement."
Foreign companies sign billions of dollars of agreements with
African governments to build infrastructure every year, although a
large number never get built.
In April 2011, the U.S. Millennium Challenge Corp., a government aid
agency involved in Power Africa, signed a $350 million deal to
"revitalize" Malawi's power sector.
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More than three years on, 1.7 percent of that money has been spent,
according to the programmer's website, which gives no detail on
progress on the ground.
Memoranda of understanding Power Africa signed this year with its
six focus countries -- Tanzania, Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia, Liberia
and Ghana -- contain less than $100 million of financial commitments
targeted at specific countries, most of which is for consultants.
U.S. consultancy Tetra Tech won a $64 million contract and former
British Prime Minister Tony Blair's Africa Governance Initiative was
given a $3 million deal.
As with many African aid projects, rights groups have criticized
Power Africa as mostly being a vehicle to subsidize U.S. companies.
Documents show $5 billion out of the $7 billion pledged is for loans
for U.S. exports from the government's Export-Import Bank (EXIM) and
Overseas Private Investment Corp. (OPIC).
TURN ON THE LIGHTS
"It’s absolutely not true. Power Africa is an opportunity to turn on
the lights for millions of Africans by taking investment from all
over the world," Herscowitz said.
Herscowitz rejected suggestions Power Africa merely tapped into
existing projects, highlighting a 5 megawatt "NextGen" solar project
in Tanzania and a 30 megawatt biomass scheme in Kenya which he said
"didn't exist before Power Africa".
The NextGen project website, however, says a power purchase
agreement for the solar project was signed in January 2013, six
months before Power Africa was launched.
It is by no means guaranteed that the Power Africa program, which
has an initial five-year mandate, will continue or be seen as a
priority when Obama's final term ends in two years, U.S. government
sources told Reuters.
In addition, the investment banks EXIM and OPIC are fighting for
their survival in Congress, where Obama's Democratic Party was
severely weakened in mid-term elections this month.
In a change of tack, the U.S. government said this month it wants to
partner with China on improving power in Africa.
Meanwhile, corruption in the countries that Power Africa operates in
remains a problem.
Nigeria's state oil company was accused last year by the then
central bank governor of withholding $20 billion in oil funds due to
the government, while Tanzania's parliament is currently reviewing a
report on graft in its energy sector.
(Editing by Pascal Fletcher and Robin Pomeroy)
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