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 Zhou, 71, is by far the highest-profile figure caught up in
President Xi Jinping's crackdown on corruption.
He is also the most senior Chinese official to be ensnared in a
graft scandal since the Communists swept to power in 1949 and the
highest-ranking to be prosecuted since the fall of the Gang of Four
in 1976 following the Cultural Revolution.
In a terse statement released by the official Xinhua news agency at
midnight into Saturday, the party's elite, decision-making Politburo
said Zhou's case had been handed over to judicial authorities.
The party began its probe into Zhou, one of China's most powerful
politicians of the last decade, in July, following months of rumors
and speculation that he was in trouble.
"The investigation found that Zhou seriously violated the party's
political, organizational and confidentiality discipline," Xinhua
said.
 "He took advantage of his posts to seek profits for others and
accepted huge bribes personally and through his family.
"He abused his power to help relatives, mistresses and friends make
huge profits from operating businesses, resulting in serious losses
of state-owned assets," the report said.
Zhou also leaked party and state secrets, took money and property
either himself or through his relatives, Xinhua said, without
providing details.
In a common accusation used to discredit fallen officials, Xinhua
said Zhou had committed adultery with a number of women and had
"traded his power for sex and money".
DEADLY TUMOR
Xi has warned, like others before him, that corruption is such a
serious problem it threatens the party's survival.
"(Corruption) is a tumor eating away at the party's health and its
resolute excision is a necessary demand to uphold the party's
character, aims and leadership and to consolidate the party's power
and basis for exercising that power," the People's Daily wrote in a
commentary on its website on Saturday.
Zhou was a member of the Politburo Standing Committee - China's apex
of power - from 2007 to 2012, and headed the central Political and
Legal Affairs Committee, a sprawling body that oversees law and
order policy.
The security apparatus expanded during his watch and consumed a
budget that exceeded the official figure for military spending. He
quickly earned the enmity of Chinese dissidents.
 He was last seen in public more than a year ago. It was not possible
to reach him for comment and it was not clear whether he has a
lawyer.
Several of his allies have been put under investigation in recent
months, including Jiang Jiemin, former top regulator of state-owned
enterprises, as well as Zhou's son Zhou Bin.
It is unclear whether Zhou Yongkang will receive an open trial and
the midnight release of the news underscored the limits of the
party's transparency in such ultra-sensitive cases. Legal experts
say the party runs a risk of Zhou threatening to reveal state
secrets if he gets an open trial.
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HUNTING "TIGERS"
Sources with ties to China's leadership have previously told Reuters
that Xi was determined to bring down Zhou for allegedly plotting
appointments to retain influence ahead of the 18th Party Congress in
November 2012, when Xi took over the party.
Zhou had nominated Bo Xilai, a charismatic politician with
leadership ambitions, to succeed him as domestic security chief and
had tried to orchestrate the younger man's promotion to the Standing
Committee, the sources have said.
Bo later fell in a divisive scandal following accusations that his
wife had murdered a British businessman in 2011. Bo's wife was
convicted over the killing and Bo himself was jailed for corruption
and abuse of power last year.
Xi has made fighting pervasive graft a central theme of his rule and
has promised to go after "tigers" - senior officials - as well as
those of lower rank who are implicated in corruption.
A key meeting of party leaders in October focused on "governing the
country by law" and a propaganda campaign has followed, in part,
sources told Reuters, to pave the way for Zhou's arrest.
"The message is 'This is rule by law. This is not political
persecution'," said one source.
Zhou's arrest was "a full stop" on the anti-corruption campaign for
the year that would "help to prevent silly thinking and crazy talk
among the people" about its effectiveness, the source said.
In ordering the investigation of Zhou, Xi has broken with an
unwritten understanding that members of the Politburo Standing
Committee would not come under such scrutiny after retirement.
Sources have told Reuters that Xi's predecessors Hu Jintao and Jiang
Zemin had approved the formal investigation into Zhou.
Former top leaders in China usually wield a lot of influence behind
the scenes in a political system that prizes consensus
decision-making. Both Jiang and Hu, as former presidents and heads
of the party, also still have allies installed in office.
(Additional reporting by Benjamin Kang Lim in Beijing and John
Ruwitch in Shanghai; Editing by Mark Trevelyan, Gareth Jones and
Alex Richardson)
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