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 The draft law, which has already cleared the Belgian
Senate, goes beyond pioneering Dutch legislation that set a minimum
age of 12 for children judged mature enough to decide to end their
lives.
The bill has popular support in Belgium, where adult euthanasia
became legal in 2002. It should easily pass in the Chamber of
Representatives because most opposition parties will support it
along with the governing Socialists and liberals.
The Christian Democrats, although members of Prime Minister Elio Di
Rupo's coalition, oppose the bill. Christian, Muslim and Jewish
leaders have denounced it in a rare joint declaration and Catholic
bishops have led days of prayer and fasting against it.
"This is not about lethal injections for children. This is about
terminally ill children, whose death is imminent and who suffer
greatly," said Carina Van Cauter, a lawmaker for the Flemish Liberal
Democrats who back the law.
"There are clear checks and balances in the law to prevent abuse,"
she said of the law, which will need the signature of King Philippe
before it comes into force.
Children seeking to end their lives must be "capable of
discernment," the law says, and psychologists must test them to
confirm they understand what they are doing. Parents must also
approve of their child's decision.
Supporters of the law say these safeguards would rule out the very
young and teenagers not mature enough to decide.
"SLIPPERY SLOPE"
Opponents have dismissed these rules as arbitrary and warned the new
law would lead to a slippery slope of ever wider interpretation and
a "banalization" of euthanasia.
Brussels Archbishop Andre-Joseph Leonard, head of the Catholic
Church in Belgium, asked at a prayer vigil last week why the state
wanted to give minors such responsibility when they had to wait
until 18 for many other legal rights.
"The law says adolescents cannot make important decisions on
economic or emotional issues, but suddenly they've become able to
decide that someone should make them die," he said.
Belgium's rules on euthanasia have come under international scrutiny
in the past year after it granted the right to die to deaf twin
brothers who were about to turn blind [ID:nL6N0AJBLI] and to a
transgender person after an unsuccessful sex change operation.
The new law specifies that children seeking euthanasia must be
terminally ill rather than just in a state of unbearable suffering,
which is the qualification for adults.
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Belgian nurse Sonja Develter, who has cared for some 200 children
in the final stages of their lives since 1992, is firmly opposed to
the bill.
"In my experience as a nurse, I never had a child asking to end
their life," Develter told Reuters before the vote.
But requests for euthanasia did often come from parents who were
emotionally exhausted after seeing their children fight for their
lives for so long, she added.
FEW EXPECTED TO OPT TO DIE
In practice, supporters of child euthanasia say, there are likely to
be few minors who will be allowed to die.
The Netherlands has only had five cases of child euthanasia since
the law went into effect there in 2002. Overall Dutch euthanasia
cases have varied between 2,000 and 4,000 a year.
Between 2006 and 2012, there was just one case of a Belgian under
the age of 20 requesting euthanasia. Over 1,000 people opt for
euthanasia in Belgium annually.
Apart from Belgium and the Netherlands, euthanasia is also legal in
neighboring Luxembourg, and France is considering legalizing it
later this year. Switzerland allows assisted suicide if the person
concerned takes an active role.
In the United States, assisted suicide is legal in Montana, Oregon,
Vermont and Washington states.
(Reporting by Robert-Jan Bartunek;
editing by Philip Blenkinsop and Tom Heneghan)
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