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 Members of a House Energy and Commerce Committee subcommittee
cited new information on breaches previously unreported by CDC,
which is under scrutiny for the potential exposure of more than 80
lab workers to live anthrax bacteria in June. No one has fallen sick
due to the lapses.
The criticism, equally shared by Democratic and Republican
lawmakers, was directed at CDC Director Dr. Thomas Frieden at a
hearing. The incidents at the CDC's Atlanta campus have sparked
fresh concerns over the lack of independent oversight of potentially
dangerous research nationwide, even as the number of labs doing such
work has surged in recent years.
Frieden was pressed for answers on why the government's most
respected laboratories were not prepared to report or prevent dozens
of breaches identified by federal investigators, and whether its
staff recognized the huge risk to the public if dangerous microbes
were to escape its labs.
 "A dangerous, very dangerous pattern is emerging and there are a lot
of unknowns out there," Committee Chairman Fred Upton, a Michigan
Republican, said at the hearing. "Why do these events keep
happening?"
Frieden replied that the agency was instituting sweeping measures to
improve internal controls on such research, which is aimed at
everything from developing vaccines to prevent disease outbreaks to
refining the response to bioterror attacks.
The CDC has already announced the closure of two labs responsible
for the release of pathogens and suspended any sample transfers from
all of its high-security labs until their safety protocols are
reviewed. A CDC scientist, Dr. Mike Bell, has been appointed to head
its laboratory safety effort.
"While we have scientists who are the best in the world at what they
do, they have not always applied that same rigor to safety," Frieden
said. "In hindsight, we realize we missed a crucial pattern: a
pattern of incidents that reflect the need to improve the culture of
safety at CDC."
Frieden said he was unaware of additional violations of safety and
security procedures, but that additional examples could come to
light as the agency improves internal communications.
A LOADED GUN
In the case of the anthrax incident, Frieden reiterated that workers
at a high-security CDC lab believed they had inactivated the
bacteria before transferring samples to lower-security labs, where
workers use less protective gear.
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"Dr. Frieden, this is like saying 'I didn't know the gun was loaded,
but somebody got shot,'" said Tim Murphy, chair of the Oversight and
Investigations subcommittee. "But you should always assume it is.
For someone to say, 'Well, I didn't think the anthrax was live,' is
unacceptable."
The lawmakers pressed Frieden and another witness, Nancy Kingsbury
of the Government Accountability Office, on how many labs working
with dangerous pathogens the nation needs, and why there is no
single agency that makes that determination.
Kingsbury stressed the lack of a framework to oversee such research,
and said setting national standards would require Congress to act.
Lawmakers also released new disclosures about CDC lapses ahead of
the hearing.
Federal investigators found dozens of safety and security problems
at CDC labs handling dangerous pathogens in the 18 months prior to
the release in June of live anthrax to a lab not equipped to work
with it, according to a memo by Democratic committee members
released on Wednesday.
The investigators, from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, found
equipment failures, an inability to document staff training and
missing signatures on required biosafety plans.
Other failures included unauthorized access to labs and improperly
documenting entries and exits, posing risks to biosecurity, or the
theft of potentially lethal microbes.
The findings stem from six inspections at the CDC's Atlanta campus
between January 2013 and March 2014.
(Additional reporting by Sharon Begley in New York and Julie
Steenhuysen in Chicago; Editing by Michele Gershberg, Chizu
Nomiyama, Matthew Lewis and Dan Grebler)
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