|
 The interest in bitcoin in Romania stands out in a region where
national currencies are widely seen as poor substitutes for the
euro.
Tech-savvy and still deeply distrustful of officialdom 25 years
after the end of communism, many Romanians are unfazed by warnings
about the cryptocurrency.
In the western town of Oradea, 370 miles (595 km) away from the
capital, the first bitcoin exchange in the country has drawn more
than 2,000 clients in the seven months since it opened, with
transactions totaling 5.12 million lei ($1.57 million).
But Romania ranks as the European Union's second-poorest state and
among the weakest in collecting taxes and fighting fraud, making it
poorly equipped to manage the bitcoin.
Bitcoin is still an infant in Europe relative to the United States,
where hundreds of start-ups backed by some Wall Street traders and
venture capitalists have propelled consumer and media interest.
Activity in virtual currencies around Europe is concentrated in
London, Amsterdam and Berlin.
Romanian entrepreneurs envision a future where the bitcoin is as
common as grocery shopping. But they say it needs a legal framework
to gain credibility.
"It is an industry in its early stages," said George Rotariu, who
opened the ATM in Bucharest in collaboration with Vancouver-based
Bitcoiniacs and plans to expand to more Romanian cities. "You need a
legislative framework to supply services or have a business in this
field," he said.
"We groped around in the legislation and interpreted some policies,"
said Horea Vuscan, a local politician who owns the Oradea bitcoin
operator BTCXchange.
"We are now in talks with officials because I don't know where we
fit in, a bourse, bank, money transfer firm."
Bitcoin is stored entirely on computers, not backed by any
government or central bank. It lets owners hold, trade and move
money from place to place almost as cheaply as sending email.
INSTITUTIONAL WEAKNESS
Its use has raised concerns for governments around the world,
especially after Tokyo-based Mt Gox, once the world's leading
bitcoin exchange, filed for bankruptcy after saying some 850,000
bitcoins had gone missing.
A report by Bank of America last year found bitcoin showed promise
as a low-cost way to do e-commerce and as an alternative to
traditional money transfer services, but could also be used to evade
high taxes, capital controls and confiscation.
In July, the European Banking Authority, the EU's banking watchdog,
urged national policymakers to discourage credit and payment
institutions from buying, holding, or selling virtual currencies
pending a regulatory framework.
"Using bitcoin in Romania is not regulated and carries very large
risks," said the Romanian Financial Supervision Authority (ASF).
"The risk of fraud is also not to be ruled out."
It said the industry "would need to have a visible economic
significance in Romania, which it does not", before regulation is
considered, adding it would enforce any EU-approved rules.
[to top of second column] |
Some EU states, including Finland, the United Kingdom, Germany or
Poland have found ways to tax bitcoin transactions.
But Romania collects just under 60 percent of its regular tax goal.
That amounts to roughly 33 percent of economic output, well below
the bloc's 46 percent average.
"There is some preoccupation with bitcoin," one finance ministry
official said. "But a legal framework is some time away and only
after that will we analyze the need for a fiscal one."
BITCOIN VOLATILITY
The number of Romanian service providers accepting bitcoins - which
are divisible to eight decimal places - has risen slowly to a
handful of coffeeshops, gyms, restaurants and beauty salons,
according to service tracker coinmap.org.
"I want to bring bitcoin to street level, I want everyone to have a
phone app where they keep their coins and use it everywhere, in
coffee shops, restaurants, grocery shops, just like a regular
wallet," BTCXchange owner Vuscan said.
But before it can gain greater traction, bitcoin needs to address
its volatility; it has swung from 1,170 lei ($370) to 3,406 lei
($1,100) this year, according to Oradea's BTCXchange.
Vuscan's exchange works only for Romanian leu deals, but he plans to
open it to euro and dollar transactions, hoping to join larger
European bitcoin exchanges such as Slovenia's Bitstamp.
BTCXchange is registered as a standard company. Vuscan enforced some
safeguards - users are required to have a bank account and there are
self-imposed policies against money laundering. But there are no
legal or regulatory safeguards.
Bitcoin's rise in Romania is partially due to its status as one of
Europe's active technology hubs. The country has attracted investors
including Oracle, IBM and Intel.
But while Romania boasts pockets of super-fast internet networks,
only 58 percent of households have internet access, below the EU
average. A 2012 Verizon report also said Romania was the world's
second-biggest hacking center after China.
Vuscan says his exchange is safe and he will reimburse clients if
their bitcoins get stolen. "I can hardly wait for them to try," he
said when asked about hacker attacks.
($1 = 3.2626 Romanian lei)
(Editing by Eric Auchard and Ruth Pitchford)
[© 2014 Thomson Reuters. All rights
reserved.] Copyright
2014 Reuters. All rights reserved. This material may not be
published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. |
