[March 18, 2014]By Kate Kelland, Health and Science
Correspondent
LONDON (Reuters)
Cases of tuberculosis are
falling in Europe but a failure to properly diagnose and treat
dangerous drug-resistant strains of the contagious disease means it
is far from under control, health experts said on Tuesday.
Every day, almost 1,000 people across the 53
countries of the World Health Organization's (WHO) European region
fall sick with TB, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively
drug-resistant (XDR) TB pose a serious risk to the goal of
eliminating it by 2050, the experts said.
Data from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
and the WHO's regional office showed that drug-resistant TB strains
affect at least 76,000 people in the region. But more than half are
not properly diagnosed and only one in every three patients is
successfully treated.
At 25 percent, the treatment success rate for XDR TB patients is
even lower.
Treating even regular TB is a long process. Patients need to take a
cocktail of antibiotics for six months and many fail to complete the
treatment fuelling growing drug resistance.
"We must reach all patients, not only half of them and half the
way'", said Zsuzsanna Jakab, the WHO's regional director for Europe.
She said there was now an urgent need for new anti-TB medicines with
shorter and more effective treatment courses that patients would be
more able and more likely to stick to.
Often mistakenly seen as a disease of the past, TB has over the last
decade developed into one of the world's most alarming public health
threats with the emergence of drug-resistant or "superbug" strains
that can't be treated even with numerous drugs.
Of all infectious diseases worldwide, only HIV the human
immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS kills more people.
Once known as the "white plague" for its ability to render its
victims skinny, pale and feverish, TB causes night sweats,
persistent coughing, weight loss and blood in the phlegm or spit. It
is spread through close contact.
Drug-resistant TB is
a manmade problem and has developed because regular TB patients were
either being given the wrong medicines or the wrong doses, or
because they were not completing their treatment.
The WHO, which declared TB a global emergency in 1993, says up to
2 million people worldwide may be infected with drug-resistant
strains by 2015.
Marc Sprenger, director of the Stockholm based ECDC which monitors
disease in the European Union, said treating regular and MDR TB
successfully was the only way to stop more dangerous and more highly
resistant strains from developing.
"If we are not able to diagnose and treat patients with multidrug-resistant
tuberculosis early and successfully, this not only puts patients'
lives at risk but also paves the way for XDR TB," he said in a
statement as the new data were published.
The WHO European Region comprises 53 countries, with a population of
nearly 900 million people. The ECDC/WHO data showed an average
annual 5.0 percent decline in TB incidence across the region over
the last decade.
