In January, Robert Gerber, the judge overseeing litigation stemming
from the General Motors' ignition-switch recall debacle, will assume
"recall" status, allowing court administrators to hire a new judge,
people familiar with the matter told Reuters.
Two more judges are expected to join the court early next year,
meaning that by the end of 2015 a third of the nine-member bench
will be new, and at least four veteran judges will have left the
bench since 2012.
It is the first time since 2000 that at least three new judges will
join the New York court within a year and the change may affect the
pace of the court's proceedings, the lawyers' fees and even the
court's case load.
Under recall status, common for long-serving bankruptcy judges,
Gerber will technically retire but continue to serve. According to
one person, Gerber is considering leaving for good at the end of
2015. His chambers declined to comment and he has not announced any
such plans publicly.
Also gone or leaving are Judge James Peck, who handled Lehman
Brothers' liquidation, and Judge Allan Gropper, who adjudicated
Kodak’s restructuring and has announced his retirement.
Replacements for Peck and Gropper have been selected and are
undergoing background checks, according to Karen Milton, circuit
executive for the Second Circuit, which oversees judge succession in
Manhattan.
NON-POLITICAL
Bankruptcy judges are not political appointees. Unlike federal
judges nominated by the president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate,
bankruptcy judges are selected by a panel of federal judges in their
district. They are appointed to 14-year terms, are not term-limited
and can retire any time.
Gerber, a 15-year veteran known as a thoughtful if occasionally
ornery courtroom sheriff, has overseen a number of big bankruptcies,
including those of chemical company LyondellBasell, satellite
operator TerreStar and GM's whirlwind Chapter 11 sale in 2009.
Among the largest items left on his docket is litigation over
whether GM can invoke the terms of the sale to shield itself from
claims that it covered up ignition switch defects prior to its
bankruptcy.
The case, in which Gerber has to decide whether to invalidate an
order that he himself approved, would stay in his courtroom as long
as he continued to serve on recall status and would go to a new
judge if the case dragged on beyond his departure.
A judge with less personal history in the GM case might rule
differently on the validity of the liability shield. Still, it is
impossible to tell how a new judge would view future legal
arguments, though any conclusions already reached in the case would
probably be honored by the new judge.
"BABY JUDGES SCHOOL"
Bench turnover can slow things down in busy courthouses as new
judges get up to speed. They even attend an orientation seminar
known as "Baby Judges School."
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A departing judge's most complex cases, however, would not
necessarily go to that judge's successor. For example, when Peck
retired, Lehman went to incumbent Judge Shelley Chapman, who has
quickly taken the reins and issued complex decisions.
Where new judges could have the biggest impact is behind the scenes.
While all judges apply the same federal bankruptcy law, they employ
various strategies to foster cooperation between warring
stakeholders and take different approaches to issues such as
scheduling or settlement talks.
Unlike in other areas of law, judges also get to approve bankruptcy
lawyers' fees because every dollar for lawyers is a dollar less for
creditors. With top-tier partners charging $1,000 or more an hour,
New York lawyers will be watching for any signs of the court getting
tougher on fees, which might persuade some to take their cases
elsewhere.
"One of the things that drives bankruptcy lawyers to file in New
York is they (the judges) are kind and friendly on professional
fees," said one lawyer.
Judges from outside the New York bankruptcy industry could be
stricter because they are not used to such hefty fees, said
bankruptcy expert Stephen Lubben, a professor at Seton Hall
University School of Law.
But more likely, Lubben said, the new judges will be ex-bankruptcy
lawyers from New York familiar with practices there.
One widely rumored candidate to fill one of the currently open seats
is former Judge James Garrity, who now heads Morgan Lewis & Bockius'
restructuring practice. Garrity, who served as a Manhattan
bankruptcy judge from 1991 through 1999, did not return a call
seeking comment. Milton declined to comment on Garrity, or on
Gerber's plans.
Judge Burton Lifland, who presided over litigation from Bernard
Madoff's Ponzi scheme, died this year, while former chief Judge
Arthur Gonzalez, of Chrysler and Enron fame, left in 2012. Due to
the nature of their status, Lifland and Gonzalez will not be
replaced, but their departures represent key veteran losses for the
court.
(Reporting by Nick Brown; Editing by Tom Hals and Tomasz Janowski)
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