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 Mark Carney, chairman of the Financial Stability Board and Bank of
England governor, said the plans marked a watershed in ending banks
that are too big to be allowed to fail.
"Once implemented, these agreements will play important roles in
enabling globally systemic banks to be resolved (wound down) without
recourse to public subsidy and without disruption to the wider
financial system," Carney said in a statement.
After the financial crisis in 2007-2009, governments had to spend
billions of dollars of taxpayer money to rescue banks that ran into
trouble and could have threatened global financial system if allowed
to go under.
Since then, regulators from the Group of 20 economies have been
trying to find ways to prevent this happening again.
The plans envisage that global banks like Goldman Sachs <GS.N> and
HSBC <HSBA.L> should have a buffer of bonds or equity equivalent to
at least 16 to 20 percent of their risk-weighted assets, like loans,
from January 2019.
 These bonds would be converted to equity to help shore up a stricken
bank. The banks' total buffer would include the minimum mandatory
core capital requirements banks must already hold to bolster their
defences against future crises.
The new rule will apply to 30 banks the regulators have deemed to be
globally "systemically important," though initially three from China
on that list of 30 would be exempt.
G2O leaders are expected to back the proposal later this week in
Australia. It is being put out to public consultation until Feb. 2,
2015.
Carney was confident the new rule would be applied as central banks
and governments had a hand in drafting them.
"This isn't something that we cooked up in Basel tower and are just
presenting to everybody," he told a news conference, referring to
the FSB's headquarters in Switzerland.
Breaches should be punished by curbing dividends and bonuses, the
FSB said.
Most of the banks would need to sell more bonds to comply with the
new rules, the FSB said. Some bonds - known as "senior debt" that
banks have already sold to investors would need restructuring.
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Senior debt was largely protected during the financial crisis, which
meant investors did not lose their money. But Carney said it in
future these bonds might have to bear losses if allowed under
national rules and investors were warned in advance. The new
buffer, formally known as total loss absorbing capacity or TLAC,
must be at least twice a bank's leverage ratio, a separate measure
of capital to total assets regardless of the level of risk.
Globally, the leverage ratio has been set provisionally at 3 percent
but it could be higher when finalised in 2015.
Some of the buffer must be held at major overseas subsidiaries to
reassure regulators outside a bank's home country. Banks may have to
hold more than the minimum because of "add-ons" due to specific
business models, Carney said.
Fitch ratings agency said banks might end up with a buffer
equivalent to as much as a quarter of their risk weighted assets
once other capital requirements are included.
Analysts at Citi <C.N> estimated the new rule could cost European
banks up to 3 percent of profits in 2016.
Citi said European banks would be required to issue the biggest
chunk of new bonds, including BNP Paribas <BNPP.PA>, Deutsche Bank
<DBKGn.DE>, BBVA <BBVA.MC> and UniCredit <CRDI.MI>, with Swiss and
British banks the least affected in Europe.
(Editing by Keiron Henderson and Jane Merriman)
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