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 U.S. President Barack Obama and his 27 allies meeting at a golf
resort in Wales will also discuss how to tackle the Islamic State
straddling parts of Iraq and Syria, which has emerged as a new
threat on the alliance's southern flank, and how to stabilize
Afghanistan when NATO forces leave at year's end.
"We are faced with a dramatically changed security environment,"
NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen told reporters on
arrival at the summit. "To the east, Russia is attacking Ukraine."
His statement stepped up Western rhetoric against Moscow and set the
tone for a two-day meeting marked by a return to east-west
confrontation 25 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall.
Moscow denies it has troops in Ukraine but NATO says more than 1,000
Russian soldiers are operating in the country. Rasmussen also said
NATO allies would consider seriously any request from Iraq for
assistance in dealing with the growing insurgency by Sunni
militants.
British Prime Minister David Cameron, the summit's host, said
pressure on Moscow would mount if it did not curtail military action
which he branded unacceptable.
"What Russia needs to understand is if they continue with this
approach in Ukraine, this pressure will be ramped up," Cameron told
BBC television, adding that U.S. and EU sanctions were already
having an effect on the Russian economy.
Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko, whose forces have suffered a
string of setbacks at the hands of Russian-backed separatists in the
south and east of the country since last week, was to meet Obama and
the leaders of Britain, France, Germany and Italy just before the
summit starts.
The Ukrainian leader is looking for arms, training and intelligence
support for his armed forces as well as political support against
Russian President Vladimir Putin.
However, his talk of reviving Ukraine's bid to join the U.S.-led
military alliance could reopen a rift within NATO.
Were Ukraine to join NATO, alliance members would be obliged to
defend it with arms. As it is not a member, they have made clear
they will not fight to protect it, but are taking mainly economic
measures - U.S. and EU sanctions - against Russia.
Obama said in Estonia on Wednesday the door to membership would
remain open to states that meet NATO standards and "can make
meaningful contributions to allied security", but France and Germany
remain opposed to admitting Kiev.
A French official said NATO should contribute to easing tensions,
not exacerbating them.
RUSSIA WARNS
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov underlined Moscow's
opposition to Ukraine joining NATO, warning that attempts to end the
country's non-aligned status could "derail all efforts aimed at
initiating a dialogue with the aim of ensuring national security".
After a week of defiant statements from Putin, Lavrov said Russia
was ready for practical steps to de-escalate the crisis in Ukraine
and urged Kiev and the rebels to heed ceasefire proposals put
forward by Moscow on Wednesday.
Asked about Putin's plan, Rasmussen said NATO welcomed efforts to
find a peaceful solution but "what counts is what is actually
happening on the ground and we are still witnessing, unfortunately,
Russian involvement in destabilizing the situation in eastern
Ukraine".
As more than a decade of NATO-led combat operations in Afghanistan
draws to a close at year's end, the 28-nation, U.S.-led military
alliance is refocusing in part on its core task of defending its
territory.
NATO leaders will set up a "spearhead" rapid reaction force,
potentially including several thousand troops, that could be sent to
a hotspot in as little as two days, officials say.
Eastern European NATO members, including Poland, have appealed to
NATO to permanently station thousands of troops on their territory
to deter any possible Russian attack.
But NATO members have spurned that idea, partly because of the
expense and partly because they do not want to break a 1997
agreement with Russia under which NATO committed not to permanently
station significant combat forces in the east.
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Instead, leaders will agree to pre-position equipment and supplies,
such as fuel and ammunition, in eastern European countries with
bases ready to receive the NATO rapid reaction force if needed.
NATO has said it has no plans to intervene militarily in Ukraine. It
has focused on beefing up the defenses of former Soviet bloc eastern
European countries that joined the alliance in the last 15 years.
The Baltic states Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, the only parts of
the former Soviet Union itself to be admitted to NATO, fear Moscow
could meddle in their affairs with the same rationale it applied in
Ukraine - protecting Russians.
In an article in The Times newspaper on Thursday, Obama and British
Prime Minister David Cameron wrote: "To the east, Russia has ripped
up the rulebook with its illegal, self-declared annexation of Crimea
and its troops on Ukrainian soil threatening and undermining a
sovereign nation state.
"To the South, there is an arc of instability that spreads from
North Africa and the Sahel, to the Middle East."
So far, Western military gestures of support for Ukraine have been
mostly symbolic. NATO leaders are expected to approve a package of
support for Kiev, setting up trust funds worth around 12 million
euros ($15.8 million) to improve Ukrainian military capabilities in
areas such as logistics, command and control and cyber defense.
A dozen countries will join an exercise in Lviv, Ukraine, later this
month, co-hosted by Ukraine and the U.S. Army.
NATO officials say the alliance itself will not send the weapons
that Ukraine is looking for but individual allies could do so if
they wish.
RUSSIA RELATIONSHIP
NATO leaders will discuss the alliance's relationship with Russia,
which officials say has been fundamentally changed.
After the end of the Cold War, NATO and Russia sought cooperation in
some security fields but NATO has concluded that this effort has
failed, and for now at least, Russia is not a partner, a senior
alliance official said.
"Russia has basically violated very fundamental agreements on the
basis of which we have constructed peace and security in Europe for
the last two decades," the official, speaking on condition of
anonymity, said.
NATO has already suspended cooperation with Moscow following its
annexation of Ukraine's Crimea region.
France, which has faced fierce pressure from Washington and other
NATO allies to halt the sale of two helicopter carriers to Russia,
said on Wednesday it would not deliver the first of the warships for
now because of Moscow's actions in Ukraine.
What NATO leaders will agree to do to help Iraq combat Islamic State
militants is less clear.
The alliance as a whole is highly unlikely to follow the U.S. lead
in staging military strikes on Islamic State, NATO diplomats say,
although individual allies such as France and Britain may do so.
NATO could revive a mission to help train the Iraqi armed forces
that it halted in 2011, diplomats say.
(Additional reporting by Guy Faulconbridge and Julien Ponthus in
Newport, Stephen Addison in London and Katya Golubkova in Moscow.
Writing by Paul Taylor; Editing by Peter Graff)
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