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 The epidemic has already killed over 2,800 people - more than the
combined total of all previous Ebola outbreaks - most of them in
Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, where it has overwhelmed already
fragile health services.
"We need survivors to come and help us with blood donations," said
Attai Omoruto, the Ugandan doctor in charge of the newly opened,
150-bed Island Clinic in Liberia's capital Monrovia.
Studies suggest that transfusions from Ebola survivors might prevent
or treat infection in others. The World Health Organization (WHO)
said this month that products and serum derived from the blood of
survivors could be used to treat the disease until experimental
drugs currently under development enter production.
William Pooley, a British man who survived Ebola after being treated
in London, flew to the United States this month to donate his blood
to help another patient suffering from the hemorrhagic fever.
"The survivors' blood has the antibodies that have fought off the
Ebola virus ... When we give this fresh blood to the patients, it
can repair their blood vessels so they do not bleed," he said.
As the region's epidemic has gained momentum and residents in the
affected countries have grown more desperate for assistance, rumors
of the existence of black markets dealing in the blood of survivors
have emerged.
"We will certainly bring this matter to the attention of governments
and work with them to stamp out any black market activity," WHO
Director-General Margaret Chan said earlier this month.
TWENTY-FOLD SURGE NEEDED
After a slow initial start and amid fears the epidemic could spread
beyond West Africa, aid and equipment is now pouring into the
region. The United States is deploying 3,000 military personnel,
mainly to Liberia.
More than 40 British military personnel, including logisticians,
planners and engineers, have gone to Sierra Leone as part of a £100
million ($160 million) plan to boost the country's treatment
capacity by at least 700 beds.
The United Nations is setting up a special mission, known as UNMEER,
to combat Ebola and an advance team has arrived in Accra, Ghana to
begin setting up the logistical base for the region-wide operation.
China's ambassador to Liberia said on Wednesday that his country was
contributing around $40 million on top of its previous assistance to
efforts to contain the disease.
"The international community is rallying to assist local health
workers," Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon told the U.N. General
Assembly on Wednesday. "Now we need a twenty-fold surge in care,
tracking, transport and equipment."
While small outbreaks in Nigeria and Senegal appear for now to have
been contained, the epidemic is still raging in Guinea, Sierra Leone
and Liberia.
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The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated
on Tuesday that between 550,000 and 1.4 million people might be
infected in the region by the end of January.
However, a number of experts were quick to criticize the figures,
which do not take into account the expected increase in efforts to
tackle the epidemic.
"It is really impossible to predict how many cases of Ebola
infection there will be in four months," said Professor Peter Piot,
director of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
"Unless CDC has data nobody else has, this is not a useful
estimate."
Faced with the worsening crisis, Sierra Leone has mounted the most
radical response, placing the entire country under a three-day
lockdown last week as volunteers educated locals about the disease,
identified new infections and located bodies.
On Tuesday, it had sealed off its borders with neighbors Guinea and
Liberia.
Guinea, meanwhile, is still struggling to overcome denial among
local populations and suspicion and hostility toward health workers.
In the town of Forecariah, around 100 km (65 miles) from the capital
Conakry, residents attacked and looted the local office of the
health department after medical staff came to bury three members of
a single family who had died from Ebola.
The attack comes a week after eight members of a team trying to
educate locals on the risks of the Ebola virus were murdered in a
remote area of southeastern Guinea.
Guinea on Wednesday reported new cases of the disease, including two
deaths, in the town of Dalaba, some 300 km (195 miles) from Conakry.
(Additional reporting by Kwasi Kpodo in Accra, Saliou Samb in
Conakry, Kate Kelland in London and Tom Miles in Geneva; Writing by
Joe Bavier; Editing by Robin Pomeroy)
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