Germany's
Guenter Grass, author of 'The Tin Drum,' dies at 87
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[April 13, 2015]
By Erik Kirschbaum and Stephen Brown
BERLIN (Reuters) - German
novelist Guenter Grass, the Nobel Prize-winning author
of "The Tin Drum", an epic treatment of the Nazi era,
died on Monday at the age of 87, his publishers said.
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A broad-shouldered man with a drooping mustache, Grass
spurned the German tradition of keeping a cool intellectual
distance, insisting that a writer's duty was to be at the
frontline of moral and political debate.
For many, he was the voice of a German generation that came of
age in World War Two and bore the burden of their parents' guilt
for the atrocities of the Nazis.
The independent German Cultural Council called him "more than a
writer ... a seismograph for society" and the Anglo-Indian
novelist Salman Rushdie called him "a true giant, inspiration,
and friend".
However, Grass's concealment until 2006 of the fact that he had
served in a Nazi Waffen-SS regiment as a teenager cost him some
of his moral authority.
Although hailed as a literary innovator for his magical realist
style, Grass was more likely to use public platforms to air his
views on issues such as nuclear power and Germans' historical
responsibility than to discuss the craft of novel-writing.
A seasoned left-wing campaigner, he was a towering figure in
West Germans' efforts to keep the door open to their
Communist-ruled cousins in the east during the Cold War.
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Yet Grass opposed hasty reunification after the Berlin Wall fell
in 1989, and hoped a new generation of German authors from the
east would nourish their work on "western arrogance".
TIN DRUM
Grass was born in the Baltic port of Danzig, now Gdansk in
Poland, in 1927 and much of his fiction was set in the city.
"The Tin Drum" caused a sensation when it was published in 1959,
though it was condemned by some as obscene. Former West German
president Heinrich Luebke is said to have remarked that he would
not sit at the same table with a man whose work he could not
discuss with his wife in the privacy of their bedroom.
The book is told through the eyes of Oskar Matzerath, a strange,
gifted boy who resolves to stop growing just as Nazism emerges
in the 1930s, and relentlessly pounds the drum of the title. It
was made into an Oscar-winning film in 1979 by Volker
Schloendorff.
"Cat and Mouse" (1961) and "Dog Years" (1963) were also set in
Danzig in the war years and after, while "Local Anaesthetic"
examines opposition to the Vietnam war and the generation gap.
Grass had a stormy relationship with the center-left Social
Democratic Party, criticizing it when it joined a
conservative-led government in the 1960s but campaigning for
Willy Brandt, the party's first post-war chancellor and champion
of east-west detente, in the 1970s.
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SPD leader and deputy German chancellor Sigmar Gabriel said that,
with Grass's death, "we lose one of the most important writers of
German post-war history and an engaged author and fighter for
democracy and freedom".
WAFFEN-SS REVELATION
Awarding him the Nobel Literature Prize in 1999, the Swedish Academy
described one of his last works, a series of essays called "My
Century" (1999), as showing "a particularly keen eye for stupefying
enthusiasms".
Not even 12 when war broke out, Grass was forced like other
youngsters to join paramilitary organizations, and entered the
Hitler Youth at 14.
Drafted into a Waffen-SS tank division in 1944, he experienced the
full horrors of war when more than half his company of mostly
17-year-olds were ripped to pieces in three minutes of shelling.
But the fact that he did not reveal this part of his history until
2006 brought accusations that he had been hypocritical when
attacking others for failing properly to face up to Germany's Nazi
past.
When Germany surrendered in 1945, Grass was briefly an American
prisoner.
He then worked on a farm, in a potash mine and as an apprentice
stonemason before studying sculpture in Duesseldorf and West Berlin.
He began writing poems and plays in the early 1950s, worked as a
journalist, played in a jazz band, and illustrated some of his own
books.
In 2012, his poem branding Israel a threat to world peace earned him
a ban on traveling to Israel, which Grass compared to his treatment
by East Germany's Stasi secret police.
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"Why do I say only now ... that the nuclear power Israel endangers
an already fragile world peace? Because that must be said which it
may already be too late to say tomorrow," he wrote in the poem,
which was criticized by some in Germany as anti-Semitic.
He died in a hospital in Luebeck, near his home in northern Germany.
His publishers gave no details of the cause of death.
(Reporting by Stephen Brown and Erik Kirschbaum; additional
reporting by Gareth Jones; Editing by Kevin Liffey)
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