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 European Commission antitrust chief Margrethe Vestager said Gazprom
was barring EU clients from selling on its gas to other states -- a
particular concern in recent efforts to aid Ukraine -- and
pressuring governments to back its pipeline interests.
State-controlled Gazprom is a vital supplier of energy to Europe
despite the EU's frequent political disputes with Moscow.
The Commission's investigation, opened in September 2012, had
initially covered Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary,
Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
Relations with Russia, and Gazprom in particular, have since been
poisoned more by the East-West confrontation over Ukraine.
"Gazprom is dominant in all these markets," EU Competition
Commissioner Vestager told a news conference. "Our preliminary view
alleges that Gazprom is abusing this position."
"Gazprom has been able to charge higher prices in some countries
without fearing that ... gas would flow in from where prices were
lower," she said of contracts with the three ex-Soviet Baltic states
and formerly communist Poland and Bulgaria.
Vestager said in prices in some countries were as much as 40 percent
higher than in others.
Lithuanian President Dalia Grybauskaite welcomed the charges,
saying: "The era of Kremlin-backed political and economic blackmail
draws to a close."
Noting the investigation had begun before Russia annexed Crimea from
Ukraine, Vestager said "this case is not political" but acknowledged
some would see political elements in it.
Gazprom responded by calling the charges, to which it has 12 weeks
to respond, "unfounded" and saying it expected a resolution within
the framework of previous undertakings between the Kremlin and
Brussels "on the intergovernmental level".
The EU has brokered deals to keep gas flowing to Ukraine despite the
conflict between Kiev and Moscow, but efforts to supply gas via
eastern EU states have been hindered by contracts with Gazprom that
prohibit the re-export of Russian gas.
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Gazprom had also pressured Poland and Bulgaria into accepting
unfavorable terms over gas pipeline control and construction, the
commissioner said.
The decision to move against Gazprom comes a week after Vestager
charged U.S. tech giant Google with abusing its market power,
following five years of hesitation by her predecessor. She said,
however, that in other cases she would be willing to negotiate with
firms without pressing charges.
The Dane has appeared determined to challenge big corporate powers
since taking on the powerful post in November, regardless of past
offers of compromise from both Google and Gazprom.
Despite insisting she would look only at the legal merits of a case
that focuses on Gazprom's pricing policies for different customers,
the accusations will not ease frictions with Moscow over Ukraine in
which gas supplies have played a major role.
Gazprom offered concessions to Vestager's predecessor last year in a
bid to settle the case and avoid a possible fine but talks failed
over its refusal to cut prices in eastern Europe.
The Russian behemoth, with annual sales of some $100 billion,
supplies about 30 percent of the 28-nation EU's natural gas. It has
been under investigation since September 2012, including for
hampering the flow of gas across Europe.
Vestager can order companies to change their business practices and
is theoretically able to levy fines of up to 10 percent of their
annual global turnover.
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