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 The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service (APHIS) approved two genetically engineered apple
varieties designed to resist browning that have been developed by
the Canadian company Okanagan Specialty Fruits Inc.
Okanagan plans to market the apples as Arctic Granny and Arctic
Golden, and says the apples are identical to their conventional
counterparts except the flesh of the fruit will retain a fresh
appearance even after it is sliced or bruised.
Okanagan President Neal Carter called the USDA approval "a
monumental occasion."
"It is the biggest milestone yet for us, and we can't wait until
they're available for consumers," he said in a statement.
Carter said Arctic apples will first be available in late 2016 in
small quantities, and it will take many years before the apples are
widely distributed.
 The new Okanagan apples have drawn broad opposition. The Organic
Consumers Association (OCA), which petitioned the USDA to deny
approval, says the genetic changes that prevent browning could be
harmful to human health, and pesticide levels on the apples could be
excessive.
The OCA will be pressuring food companies and retail outlets not to
make use of the apples, said OCA Director Ronnie Cummins.
"This whole thing is just another big experiment on humans for no
good reason," he said.
USDA said it had determined the apples were "unlikely to pose a
plant pest risk to agriculture" and they are "not likely to have a
significant impact on the human environment." The law only allows
the agency's decision to be based on its analysis of the plant pest
risk to agriculture or other plants in the United States.
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The Food and Drug Administration, which has no mandatory review
process for genetically engineered foods, is looking at the new
apples through a voluntary consultation with Okanagan.
Several science, environmental and consumer groups said they worry
the genetic changes could have unintended consequences on insects,
animals and humans.
"We think there are some possible risks that were not adequately
considered," said Doug Gurian-Sherman, a plant pathologist and
senior scientist with the Center for Food Safety non-profit group.
Okanagan said in a statement its apples have undergone "rigorous
review," and are "likely the most tested apples on the planet."
(Reporting By Carey Gillam; Editing by Chris Reese)
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