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 The revival of middle-class jobs has been one of Obama's mantras
since he took office in 2009 fighting the worst economic crisis in
generations. It was a major theme of his last State of the Union
address and is expected to feature in the one scheduled for Tuesday.
Administration officials said on Saturday the president would
propose higher capital gains taxes, new fees on large financial
firms, and other measures to raise $320 billion for programs and tax
breaks aimed at the middle class.
Obama's administration can take credit for stabilizing the U.S.
economy, which is growing again and last year added jobs at the
fastest clip since 1999.
But for the middle class the scars of the recession still run deep.
Federal Reserve survey data show families in the middle fifth of the
income scale now earn less and their net worth is lower than when
Obama took office.
In the six years through 2013, over the recession and recovery that
have spanned Obama's tenure, jobs have been added at the top and
bottom of the wage scale, a Reuters analysis of labor statistics
shows. In the middle, the economy has shed positions - whether in
traditional trades like machining or electrical work, white-collar
jobs in human resources, or technical ones like computer operators.
 The trend is in plain sight in Dalton, Georgia, a manufacturing hub
90 miles (145 km)north of Atlanta. Massive factories that made it
"the carpet capital of the world," were slammed by the collapse of
the housing bubble. During the recession, with machines idle, they
began investing heavily in new technology and are now laying plans
to restore some lost jobs.
But the new positions are more skewed to the high and low end, and
there will be fewer of them per dollar of output than before the
recession, said Brian Anderson, president of the Greater Dalton
Chamber of Commerce.
"We can produce a whole lot of new carpet with not a lot more
people," Anderson said. Companies have spent between $1.5 and $2
billion on retooling and innovation, reducing demand for labor,
while higher than average regional unemployment continued to hold
down wages, he said.
MORE INVESTMENT, FEWER JOBS
Firms like flooring giant Shaw Industries pared jobs - dropping
5,000 from a pre-recession labor force of 28,000 - but with new
technology have rebuilt revenue to near previous levels. The company
is boosting wages for master mechanics to around $30 an hour, but
feels no pressure to increase wages for the unskilled positions it
retains.
The heavy investment in robotics and mechanization has raised
expectations, said Paul Richard, Shaw's vice president of human
resources. "It has put more emphasis on associates that can bring
technical skills."
Ahead of Obama's annual address, the business community is expecting
the president to press for passage of the Trans-Pacific trade
treaty, though a debate rages within the Democratic Party over
whether that would create more middle class jobs than would be lost
to increased imports.
Others say he may seek more overtime pay for mid-level salaried
workers, propose a higher federal minimum wage, or renew calls for
major infrastructure spending.
Along with the tax plan, Obama has proposed expanded access to
community college education and improved family leave policies,
while some of his allies have called for an outright wealth transfer
from the top to the middle.
For Obama's legacy none of that may matter.
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The forces at work in the American economy appear so entrenched that
Obama may be remembered as the president who pulled the nation from
its worst downturn since the Great Depression, but failed to arrest
deepening economic inequality.
The Federal Reserve, under Obama appointee Janet Yellen, has put
money in almost all Americans' pockets with near zero interest rates
that have held down mortgage payments, allowed companies to
reinvest, and boosted job creation.
But the Fed's Survey of Consumer Finances shows how uneven the
distribution of that stimulus has been. Between 2010 and 2013, as
recovery took hold and stock markets soared, the average net worth
of families in the top 40 percent of income earners grew. For all
others average net worth shrank, declining 19 percent for the middle
fifth.
Similarly, the average earnings for families in the top 10 percent
grew more than 9 percent from 2010 through 2013, while those at
other levels stagnated or shrank. For the middle fifth, average
earnings fell 4.6 percent.
Over the six years through 2013, the middle fifth's average annual
family earnings fell to $47,243 from $53,008 while their average net
worth dropped to $170,066 from $236,525.
Obama "had a good start in ending the recession and a good start to
recovery and then we were knocked off that trajectory," said Josh
Bivens, an economist with the Economic Policy Institute, a
left-leaning think tank that advocates higher minimum wages and
other policies to boost incomes.
Bivens blamed the end of stimulus programs and a standoff in
Congress over the federal debt ceiling that curbed government
spending for the loss of initial momentum.
To a degree the administration has also been a captive of broad
technological and global trends. Automation and the offshoring of
manufacturing and service jobs continue to transform industries and
communities such as Dalton.
Obama's changing rhetoric over time appears, increasingly, to
acknowledge the magnitude of the challenge.
In 2011, he called the erosion of middle class jobs a "Sputnik
moment" that should energize the country to out-produce and
out-innovate the rest of the world. By last year, the tone was more
tempered: "The cold, hard fact is that even in the midst of
recovery, too many Americans are working more than ever just to get
by – let alone get ahead. And too many still aren’t working at all,"
Obama said in last year's State of the Union address "Our job is to
reverse these trends. It won’t happen right away."
(Editing by Tomasz Janowski)
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