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 A world conference in Japan in mid-March aims to adopt an updated
version of the current 10-year plan. The text is due to be finalised
by the end of this month, but negotiations are snagged on
contentious issues, including targets.
The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR),
which is managing the process, wants the new framework to include at
least two goals with percentage targets, for lowering the death toll
and economic losses from disasters.
"I think that is the only thing that will give the international
community something measurable to strive for," UNISDR head Margareta
Wahlström told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.
The lack of such indicators in the 2005-2015 Hyogo Framework for
Action "has been a drawback", she added.
The European Union and some developing nations are in favor of
putting quantifiable goals in the new plan, which will probably run
until 2030. But others, including North American countries, do not
want them.
An alternative proposal is to aim to reduce disaster deaths and
economic losses "substantially" - the same unspecific language used
in the existing framework. Talks on issues including seven suggested
targets were held last week in Geneva and will resume there next
week.
Helen Clark, head of the United Nations Development Programme,
believes percentages could be set to measure progress. "I like
targets because you can work towards them," she told the Thomson
Reuters Foundation in London this week.
In the decade 2005 to 2014, nearly 808,500 people died in disasters,
including earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, droughts and technological
accidents such as dam failures and nuclear radiation.
Economic losses totaled around $1.44 trillion, according to
statistics from the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of
Disasters.
That compares with around 1.37 million deaths and economic losses of
$781 billion for the preceding decade.
Making meaningful comparisons is a challenge when the global
population is growing, and the number and magnitude of disasters can
change dramatically from year to year.
One proposed way to measure whether deaths from disasters are
falling is to set a goal of a specified drop in the percentage of
deaths per capita. Economic losses could have a percentage reduction
target in relation to gross domestic product.
MISSED OPPORTUNITY?
Wahlström said some countries were concerned about their ability to
track progress quantitatively. "But in fact, mortality and economic
losses are very measurable these days - the data and the baselines
exist," she added.
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Others are unsure how to translate global targets into national
policy, but that would be up to each state, with help on offer, the
UNISDR chief noted. Developing countries would need support,
including financial assistance, and access to technology and
expertise, she added.
At the global level, the aim would be to hold regular conferences to
check on how the world is advancing on the goals and the wider plan,
and reorient efforts as required, she said.
Harjeet Singh, manager for resilience and climate change with
ActionAid International, said it would be a "big setback" if the new
plan omitted numerical goals.
"When the world is changing so fast, and we are facing a lot of
disasters, unless we have some very ambitious targets, we won't be
able to fix things," he said.
Disaster risk reduction has lagged behind other areas of development
work because the current framework, which ends this year, did not
have "proper targets and indicators", he said.
"This time, if we lose that opportunity ... it will cost us heavily
for the next 15 years," he added.
Wahlström said that if quantifiable targets were excluded from the
plan adopted in Sendai in March, "it dampens the ambition level but
it doesn't prevent us from doing what we do."
The numbers discussed during the negotiations could be used
informally, and countries and regional organizations could still
establish their own targets, she said.
"In any case, the overall goal of the framework is to reduce
mortality and economic losses," she added.
(Reporting by Megan Rowling, additional reporting by Katie Nguyen in
London; editing by Tim Pearce)
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