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 From New Horizon’s position more than 3 billion miles (4.88
billion km) from Earth, radio signals, traveling at the speed of
light, take nearly four and a half hours to reach the ground.
Not that the probe, which has been traveling toward Pluto for more
than nine years, is currently spending much time relaying back
pictures and data from its seven science instruments.
With its closest approach to Pluto slated for 7:49 a.m. EDT on
Tuesday, New Horizons is running on auto-pilot to gather as much
scientific information as possible leading up to its one-shot punch
past Pluto and its entourage of five known moons. Data will be
radioed back to Earth over the next 16 months.
"You have to really be into delayed gratification if you want to be
on this mission," said New Horizons lead scientist Alan Stern of the
Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado.
 The spacecraft, about the size of a baby grand piano and weighing in
at just over 1,000 pounds (454 kg), doesn’t carry the propellant to
fire braking rockets to slow down and slip into orbit.
NASA launched a fleet of initial reconnaissance missions between
1960 and 1977 to every planet in the solar system except Pluto.
DESIGNATED AS DWARF PLANET
But after the 1992 discovery that the solar system had a heavily
populated 'backyard' beyond Neptune, a region known as the Kuiper
Belt, a band of scientists won their long crusade to send a probe to
Pluto.
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Just months after New Horizons launched, Pluto was formally removed
from the solar system's primary planets list and rebranded a dwarf
planet.
Pluto and its icy Kuiper Belt kin are believed to be relics left
over from the formation of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago.
The most recent image relayed from New Horizons and released on
Saturday shows large, evenly spaced dark spots on the side of the
Pluto that permanently faces its primary moon Charon. The spots are
related to a dark belt that circles Pluto’s equatorial region.
"We're seeing these crazy black-and-white patterns. We have no idea
what those mean," said New Horizons scientist John Spencer, also
with the Southwest Research Institute. New Horizons will pass on the
other side of Pluto, coming as close as 7,800 miles (12,500 km) and
traveling at 30,800 mph (49,600 kph).
From there, New Horizons will continue to shoot deeper into the
Kuiper Belt for a possible second mission to a Pluto cousin.
(Editing by Gareth Jones)
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