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 Scientists have long wondered what possible reason there could be
for a fungus to glow. They now have an answer.
Researchers said on Thursday that experiments in Brazil involving
the big, yellow mushroom called "flor de coco," meaning coconut
flower, showed its nighttime bioluminescence attracted insects and
other creatures that could later spread its spores around the
forest.
"Our research provides an answer to the question, 'Why do fungi make
light?' that was first asked, at least first asked in print, by
Aristotle more than 2,000 years ago," said biochemist Cassius
Stevani of Brazil's Instituto de Química-Universidade de São Paulo.
"The answer appears to be that fungi make light so they are noticed
by insects who can help the fungus colonize new habitats."
 Geneticist and molecular biologist Jay Dunlap of Dartmouth College's
Geisel School of Medicine said bioluminescence had independently
evolved many times in such diverse life forms as bacteria, fungi,
insects and fish.
"Most of these make light in their own way, that is, with
biochemistry that is unique to each organism," Dunlap said.
Of the 100,000 known fungus species, 71 are bioluminescent. The
species in the study, published in the journal Current Biology, is
one of the biggest and brightest of them.
The researchers found a circadian clock regulates its
bioluminescence, glowing only at nighttime.
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They created two sets of plastic mushroom replicas, one with LED
lights replicating bioluminescence and a second set with no light.
Suspecting the glow might be used to entice insects, they put glue
on both sets of phony mushrooms in forest locations where real ones
grow, then tracked the beasties that got stuck.
The glowing replicas lured an array of ants, cockroaches, flies,
beetles, spiders, harvestmen, slugs, snails and centipedes.
Such creatures, after crawling on a real bioluminescent mushroom,
disperse fungal spores around the forest.
Dunlap speculated that many of Earth's bioluminescent mushrooms
likely developed their glow for that purpose.
"Because it has evolved so many times in so many different
organisms, each with their own biology, studying bioluminescence
gives one a window on living things in all their wonderful
diversity, and it sends you off to questions that you did not know
existed," Dunlap said.
(Reporting by Will Dunham; Editing by Peter Cooney)
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