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 The Pentagon said there was no known suspected infection or risk
to the public. But four U.S. civilians have been started on
preventive measures called post-exposure prophylaxis, which usually
includes the anthrax vaccine, antibiotics or both.
Twenty-two personnel at the base in South Korea were also given
precautionary medical measures although none have shown sign of
exposure, the U.S. military said.
The four in the United States face "minimal" risk, said Jason
McDonald, a spokesman for the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC), which has begun an investigation of the incident.
They had been "doing procedures that sent the agent into the air,"
he said.
When anthrax becomes airborne, it can cause a deadly illness called
inhalation anthrax. That occurred in 2001, when anthrax sent through
the U.S. mail to government and media targets killed five people.
The anthrax, which was initially sent from a Utah military lab, was
meant to be shipped in an inactive state as part of efforts to
develop a field-based test to identify biological threats, the
Pentagon said.
"Out of an abundance of caution, (the Defense Department) has
stopped the shipment of this material from its labs pending
completion of the investigation," said Pentagon spokesman Colonel
Steve Warren.
The CDC said it has launched an investigation of the mishap.
All samples involved in the investigation will be securely
transferred to the CDC or affiliated labs for further testing,
spokeswoman Kathy Harden said, adding that CDC has sent officials to
the labs "to conduct on-site investigations."
The mishap comes 11 months after the CDC, one of the government's
top civilian labs, similarly mishandled anthrax.
Researchers at a lab designed to handle extremely dangerous
pathogens sent what they believed were killed samples of anthrax to
another CDC lab, one with fewer safeguards and therefore not
authorized to work with live anthrax.
Scores of CDC employees could have been exposed to the live anthrax,
but none became ill.
That incident and a similar one last spring, in which CDC scientists
shipped what they thought was a benign form of bird flu but which
was actually a highly virulent strain, led U.S. lawmakers to fault a
"dangerous pattern" of safety lapses at government labs.
ANTHRAX SENT TO GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE FACILITIES
In the latest case, the Army's Dugway Proving Ground in Utah
reported in March 2014 that gamma irradiation had inactivated the
anthrax stock in question, and along with another Army facility,
began shipments that continued through April 2015, a U.S. official
said.
The official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said the
suspected live anthrax samples were sent to U.S. federal, private
and academic facilities.
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The anthrax was sent to laboratories in Maryland, Texas, Wisconsin,
Delaware, New Jersey, Tennessee, New York, California and Virginia,
officials said.
The Maryland laboratory alerted the CDC late on Friday that it had a
live sample and by midday on Saturday, the laboratories were
notified, the U.S. official said.
The four civilians receiving post-exposure prophylaxis are in
Delaware, Texas and Wisconsin. "Workers who were not in the same
area at the same time are not at risk," the CDC's McDonald said.
The sample sent to South Korea was subsequently destroyed, the
Pentagon and the U.S. military there said.
A U.S. emergency team responded to destroy the sample on Wednesday
at the U.S. base after what was expected to be an inactive training
sample was thought to be live bacteria, the U.S. military in South
Korea said.
Precautionary medical measures were given to 22 personnel who may
have been exposed during the training at the base about 35 km (20
miles) south of Seoul and none of them have shown any sign of
exposure, it said.
Experts in biosafety were astonished by the lapse.
"These events shouldn't happen," said Stephen Morse of Columbia
University, a former program manager for biodefense at the
Pentagon's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
Scientists working with the most dangerous pathogens follow a
"two-person rule," never handling samples alone. The second pair of
eyes is meant to insure scientists take proper precautions during
experiments.
Two people should also vet shipments of supposedly killed anthrax.
"We can put greater safeguards in place," Morse said.
(Additional reporting by Lisa Lambert in Washington and James
Pearson in Seoul; Editing by Sandra Maler, Eric Beech, Andrew Hay
and Leslie Adler)
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