U.S., China, UK experts to tackle vexed
issue of gene editing
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[September 14, 2015]
By Ben Hirschler
LONDON (Reuters) - Scientists from the
United States, China and Britain will come together to discuss the
future of human gene editing, which holds great promise for treating
diseases but also has the potential to create "designer babies".
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The Chinese Academy of Sciences and Britain's Royal Society said
on Monday they would join the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in
co-hosting an international summit on the topic in Washington on
Dec. 1-3.
The technology, called CRISPR-Cas9, allows scientists to edit genes
by using genetic "scissors" that operate a bit like a biological
word-processing program that can find and replace defects.
CRISPR has excited academic researchers and drug companies alike,
since it may allow them to rewrite the DNA of diseased cells. But it
has also raised serious ethical concerns due to the potential to
alter the genetic code of embryos.
“Human gene editing offers great promise for improving human health
and well-being but it also raises significant ethical and societal
issues,” said Paul Nurse, president of the Royal Society.
“It is vital that we have a well-informed international debate about
the potential benefits and risks, and this summit can hopefully set
the tone for that discussion.”
In addition to the Washington summit, an expert committee will issue
a report next year with recommendations to guide the responsible use
of human gene editing.
China plays an important role in the debate since a group at Sun
Yat-sen University in Guangzhou published results in April of an
experiment to alter the DNA of human embryos using CRISPR.
Altering the DNA in this way could produce unknown effects on future
generations, since the changes would be passed on to offspring. Such
so-called germline engineering, affecting eggs, sperm or embryos, is
very different from altering non-reproductive cells in order to
fight a disease.
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The Guangzhou case provoked widespread concern, but Chinese Academy
of Sciences President Chunli Bai said on Monday his country wanted
"to work together with international communities for the proper
regulation and application of such technology.”
China is a growing force in life sciences, particularly in gene
editing, with a burgeoning patent portfolio, according to a Reuters
analysis in June.
Pharmaceutical companies including Novartis and AstraZeneca are
meanwhile investing in the new technology and a number of standalone
biotech firms have been set up, including Intellia Therapeutics,
which raised $70 million in a fundraising this month.
(Editing by Louise Heavens)
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