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 Specialists at London's Moorfields Eye Hospital said the
operation, described as "successful", was the first of 10 planned
for participants in a trial of the treatment for a disease called
'wet' age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
The trial will test the safety and efficacy of transplanting eye
cells known as retinal pigment epithelium, which have been derived
from embryonic stem cells.
Stem cells are the body's master cells, the source of all other
cells. Scientists who support the use of embryonic stem cells say
they could transform medicine, providing treatments for blindness,
juvenile diabetes or severe injuries. But critics object to them
because they are harvested from human embryos.
This trial involves surgeons inserting a specially engineered patch
behind the retina to deliver the treatment cells to replace diseased
cells at the back of the eye.
 The first surgery was successfully performed on a patient last
month, Moorfields said in a statement on Tuesday, and "there have
been no complications to date".
"The patient wishes to remain anonymous, but the team hope to
determine her outcome in terms of initial visual recovery by early
December," it added.
Retinal surgeon Lyndon Da Cruz, who is performing the operations,
said he hoped many patients "will benefit in the future from
transplantation of these cells."
Macular degeneration accounts for almost 50 percent of all cases of
blindness or vision loss in the developed world. It usually affects
people over 50 and comes in two forms, wet and dry. Wet AMD, which
is less common than dry AMD, is generally caused by abnormal blood
vessels that leak fluid or blood into a region in center of the
retina.
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This trial is part of The London Project to Cure Blindness - a
partnership between Moorfields, University College London's (UCL)
Institute of Ophthalmology, and Britain's National Institute for
Health Research. The U.S. pharmaceutical giant Pfizer joined in
2009.
Chris Mason, a professor of regenerative medicine at UCL, said the
trial is important both as potential step towards curing a major
cause of blindness, and as a way of deepening understanding of the
use of embryonic stem cells in treatments.
"If the AMD trials are successful, then by using embryonic stem
cells as the starting material, the therapy can then be affordably
manufactured at large scale," he said.
(Editing by David Evans)
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