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 Among unemployed people in the San Francisco Bay Area, nonsmokers
were 30 percent more likely than smokers to have found a job a year
after entering the study, researchers found.
The new results, reported in JAMA Internal Medicine, show that
smoking harms not only physical health but possibly financial
wellbeing, too, said lead author Judith Prochaska, of the Stanford
Prevention Research Center in California.
"The health harms of smoking have been established for over 50
years, and now evidence is accumulating that smoking can hurt your
success in the workforce and perhaps even lower your pay," she told
Reuters Health in an email.
Previous research found links between smoking and being unemployed.
But those studies can't say if smoking came before unemployment, or
people picked up the habit after losing their jobs.
The new study involved 251 unemployed people recruited between 2013
and 2015, including 131 daily smokers and 120 nonsmokers.
Of the 217 participants who reported back at one year, about 56
percent of nonsmokers had found a job, compared to about 27 percent
of smokers.
After accounting for factors that may also influence employment -
like housing, transportation and criminal history - there was still
a 24 percent difference in employment after one year between smokers
and nonsmokers.
Furthermore, among those who found employment, smokers made about $5
less an hour than their nonsmoking counterparts.
The study did not address the reasons for the differences, said
Prochaska. But, she added, "One thing we found that suggests an
answer was that smokers in our sample tended to place a greater
prioritization with regard to their discretionary spending on
cigarettes than on aspects that would aid in their job-search, such
as costs for transportation, mobile phone, new clothing, and
grooming care."
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There is also evidence that smokers take more sick days and are more
likely to be distracted while at work, she said.
The findings may not apply to all areas of the U.S., however.
Prochaska said smoking is uncommon in San Francisco, which also has
smoke-free workplace laws.
"In areas of the (country) where the smoking prevalence is higher
and/or smoking is less restricted in the workforce, the differences
may not be as striking," she said. "Across the U.S., however, the
trend has been toward declining smoking rates and greater adoption
of workplace smoke-free laws, so these findings are likely to be
more widely relevant over time."
Prochaska said her team now has the evidence it needs to launch a
randomized controlled trial to test if a quit smoking program can
reduce the time to reemployment.
SOURCE: http://bit.ly/22pmwzN and http://bit.ly/22pmxU8 JAMA
Internal Medicine, online April 11, 2016.
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