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 The virus, linked to severe birth defects in thousands of babies
in Brazil, is spreading rapidly in the Americas, and WHO officials
on Tuesday expressed concern that it could hit Africa and Asia as
well. Zika had been thought to be spread by the bite of mosquitoes
of the Aedes genus, so sexual contact as a mode of transmission
would be a potentially alarming development.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention confirmed it was
the first U.S. Zika case in someone who had not traveled abroad in
the current outbreak, said CDC Director Dr. Tom Frieden on Twitter.
However, the CDC has not investigated how the virus was transmitted.
After this case, the CDC advised men to consider using condoms after
traveling to areas with the Zika virus. Pregnant women should avoid
contact with semen from men exposed to the virus.
The Dallas County Department of health said on Twitter that the
person was infected through sexual contact with someone who had
traveled to Venezuela. The person infected did not travel to the
South American country, county health officials said.
 The Texas Department of State Health Services was slightly more
cautious in its assessment, saying in a statement, "Case details are
being evaluated, but the possibility of sexual transmission from an
infected person to a non-infected person is likely in this case."
County authorities said there were no reports of the virus being
transmitted by mosquitoes in the Texas county.
Previously, international health officials had noted one U.S. case
of possible person-to-person sexual transmission. But the Pan
American Health Organization said more evidence was needed to
confirm sexual contact as a means of Zika transmission. The medical
literature also has one case in which the virus was detected in
semen.
The virus has been reported in more than 30 countries and linked to
microcephaly, in which babies have abnormally small heads and
improperly developed brains.
The American Red Cross on Tuesday asked blood donors who have
traveled to Zika virus outbreak areas such as Mexico, the Caribbean,
or Central or South America to wait at least 28 days before
donating. However, the risk of transmitting the virus through blood
donations remained "extremely" low in the continental United States,
the disaster relief agency said.
The Dow Jones transportation average ended 2.9 percent lower
following news of the first U.S. transmission of the Zika virus.
MONITORING NEEDED
The WHO has said the virus could infect 4 million people in the
Americas. It said on Tuesday it launched a global response unit to
fight the mosquito-borne virus.
"Most important, we need to set up surveillance sites in low- and
middle-income countries so that we can detect any change in the
reporting patterns of microcephaly at an early stage," Dr. Anthony
Costello said in Geneva. Costello is WHO's director for maternal,
child and adolescent health.
Twenty to 30 sites could be established worldwide, mainly in poor
countries without robust healthcare systems, Costello said.
Brazil is the country hardest hit by Zika. In an address to a joint
session of Brazil's Congress, President Dilma Rousseff said her
government will spare no resources in mobilizing to combat the
mosquito that transmits the virus. With no vaccine or treatment for
Zika, efforts to curb its spread have focused on eradicating
mosquito breeding sites.
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Brazil, which has more than 4,000 suspected cases of microcephaly
that may be linked to Zika, is scheduled to host the Olympics in Rio
de Janeiro in August.
Rousseff also said Brazil and the United States will enter a
partnership to develop a Zika vaccine as soon as possible to stem
the spread of the virus.
VACCINE EFFORTS
French drugmaker Sanofi SA on Tuesday announced that it has launched
a project to develop a vaccine against the virus, the most decisive
commitment yet by a major vaccine maker. The company said its Sanofi
Pasteur vaccines division would use its expertise in developing
vaccines for similar viruses such as yellow fever, Japanese
encephalitis and dengue.
Other companies also joined the race on Tuesday to develop a
vaccine. The University of South Australia said it was working on a
Zika vaccine with Australian biotech Sementis Ltd.
U.S. drug developer NewLink Genetics Corp said it has started a
project to develop Zika treatment options.
Experts have said a Zika vaccine for widespread use is months if not
years away.
Costello said the Aedes mosquitoes that carry the Zika virus "are
present ... through Africa, parts of southern Europe and many parts
of Asia, particularly South Asia." Africa and Asia have the world's
highest birth rates.
WHO Director-General Margaret Chan said on Monday it was "strongly
suspected but not yet scientifically proven" that Zika causes
microcephaly.
The first Irish cases of Zika virus have been detected in two people
with a history of traveling to a country affected by the
mosquito-borne infection, the Health Service Executive of Ireland
said.
Chilean health officials said they have confirmed three cases in
Chile of people infected with the Zika virus, all of whom were
infected while traveling elsewhere in Latin America.
An Australian state health service said two Australians were
diagnosed with the virus after returning from the Caribbean,
confirming the first cases of the virus in the country this year.
(Additional reporting by Dominique Vidalon in Paris, Stephanie
Nebehay in Geneva, Shadia Nasralla in Vienna, Ben Hirschler in
London, Anthony Boadle in Brasilia, Jane Wardell in Sydney, Amy
Sawitta Lefevre in Bangkok, Pedro Fonseca in Rio, Rosalba O'Brien in
Santiago, Padraic Halpin in Dublin, Ankur Banerjee and Amrutha
Penumudi in Bengaluru; Writing by Will Dunham and Lisa Shumaker;
Editing by Toni Reinhold, Jonathan Oatis, Andrew Hay and Bernard
Orr)
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