Syria's Nusra Front says ending al Qaeda
ties; U.S. fears for Aleppo
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[July 29, 2016]
By Lisa Barrington and Suleiman Al-Khalidi
BEIRUT (Reuters) - Al Qaeda's powerful
Syrian branch, the Nusra Front, announced on Thursday it was ending its
relationship with the global jihadist network founded by Osama bin
Laden, to remove a pretext used by world powers to attack Syrians.
The announcement came as Russia and President Bashar al-Assad's
government declared a "humanitarian operation" in the besieged
rebel-held sector of Aleppo, opening "safe corridors" so people can flee
Syria's most important opposition stronghold.
Washington said that appeared to be an attempt to depopulate the city
and make fighters surrender. The opposition called it a euphemism for
forced displacement.
In the first known video statement ever to show his face, the leader of
the Nusra Front, Mohamad al-Golani, announced that the group would
re-form under a new name, with "no ties with any foreign party".
The move was being made "to remove the excuse used by the international
community -- spearheaded by America and Russia -- to bombard and
displace Muslims in the Levant: that they are targeting the Nusra Front
which is associated with al Qaeda," he said. The group would now be
called Jabhat Fatah al-Sham.
Golani appeared in the video flanked by two other Nusra Front figures,
in front of a new white flag for the group. Nusra Front's old flag was
black, the color used by ultra-hardline jihadist groups such as al Qaeda
and Islamic State.
Earlier on Thursday, bin Laden's successor as Al Qaeda leader, Ayman
al-Zawahri, gave the Nusra Front his blessing to break away. In his
message, Golani thanked Zawahri for putting the interests of Syrians
ahead of organizational concerns.
The move appeared to be an attempt to appeal to Syrians who have long
had deep misgivings about Nusra's links with al Qaeda and the presence
of foreign jihadists in its ranks. It could alter the strategic
alignment on the ground if the renamed Nusra gains acceptance among
other rebel groups.
STRONG POSITION
But Assad and his Russian allies are unlikely to accept the rebranding
as a reason to halt military operations that have put the Syrian leader
in the strongest position on the battlefield for years.
The Nusra Front, one of the most powerful rebel forces in Syria's
five-year, multi-sided civil war, was excluded along with Islamic State
from a U.S.- and Russian-backed ceasefire this year.
Nusra is listed as a terrorist organization by the United States and the
United Nations. Assad's other opponents have long said its presence gave
the government and its Russian allies a pretext to abandon the truce and
launch advances under the cover of anti-terrorist operations permitted
under the ceasefire.
The U.S. State Department said Nusra Front fighters remained a
legitimate target for U.S. warplanes for now.
"We're gonna have to wait and see," State Department spokesman John
Kirby said. "We judge a group by what they do, not by what they call
themselves."
Western countries are worried that the announcement of safe corridors
for people to flee Aleppo could herald a Russian-backed government
assault on the city.
"This would appear to be a demand for the surrender of opposition groups
and the evacuation of Syrian civilians from Aleppo," Kirby said. "The
innocent people of Aleppo should be able to stay in their homes safely,
and to receive the humanitarian access, which Russia and the regime ...
in principle have agreed."
Syria's largest city before the war, Aleppo has for years been divided
into rebel and government zones. Asserting full control would be the
biggest victory for Assad so far, and a potential turning point in a
civil war that has killed hundreds of thousands, spawned the world's
worst refugee crisis and drawn in most regional and world powers.
Any assault on Aleppo would also probably wreck a diplomatic effort by
Secretary of State John Kerry to negotiate military cooperation between
the United States and Russia.
LEAFLETS
The Cold War-era superpowers are running separate military missions in
Syria against their common foe Islamic State, but are on opposite sides
in the wider civil war, with Moscow supporting Assad, and Washington
saying he must step down.
Leaflets have been air-dropped on rebel-held parts of Aleppo since
Wednesday, telling civilians they would be given safe passage out and
providing maps to exit routes.
Around 250,000 civilians are believed to be trapped in the rebel zone.
The United Nations says food supplies will run out within weeks.
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Men transport a casualty at a site hit by airstrikes in the rebel
held Douma neighbourhood of Damascus, Syria, July 25, 2016.
REUTERS/Bassam Khabieh
Assad said rebels who surrendered within three months would be
amnestied. State television quoted the governor of Aleppo as saying
three humanitarian corridors would be established for residents to
leave. Russia said a fourth corridor would be set up in the north
for surrendering rebels.
The British-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said
helicopters had been dropping baby diapers and meal packs with
Russian-language labels over rebel areas.
But Syria's main opposition High Negotiations Committee wrote to
U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon denouncing the corridors as "a
euphemism for Russia’s efforts to alter Aleppo’s demographics and
ensure forced displacement”, which it called a war crime.
Several international relief agencies said exit corridors were not a
substitute for aid access.
"Some 250 to 400,000 civilians remain in what was once Syria’s
largest city – not all of them want or are able to leave," Mercy
Corps said.
"If it is a genuine humanitarian proposal, then clearly it will be
accompanied by an end to the bombing campaign," the British
ambassador to the United Nations, Matthew Rycroft, told reporters in
New York. "Clearly, the U.N. and the rest of us cannot be complicit
in anything else, for instance any form of emptying of Aleppo or
preparing for an onslaught of Aleppo or indeed any continuation of
this medieval siege of Aleppo ..."
CORRIDORS NOT OPEN
The proposed corridors did not appear to be open so far. Two rebels
and aid workers contacted in besieged Aleppo said the army had fired
at civilians in one of the safe corridors, in the Salah al-Din
district. A doctor for a medical charity that operates in Aleppo
also said the army had fired artillery at families gathering near
another corridor, in the opposition-held Bustan al-Qasr
neighborhood.
Hael Asi Hilal, head of the Syrian Red Crescent in rebel-held areas,
said no family had been able to leave via any corridor due to
snipers firing at them.
The army, backed by allied militia forces and air support from
Syrian and Russian jets, meanwhile took more ground on the northern
edge of the city. State television said the army had advanced in the
Bani Zeid district, and the Observatory said pro-government forces
were in full control.
The United States and Russia jointly sponsored the ceasefire earlier
this year that led to U.N.-brokered peace talks. But that collapsed
in May and since then government forces have been advancing with
Russian support. Kerry's talks with the Russians, aimed at building
a system to jointly identify targets, have been largely fruitless.
A Russian deputy foreign minister, Sergei Ryabkov, said Washington's
stance would allow militants to regroup since it required a
ceasefire before distinguishing between terrorists and other
opposition groups.
"There is an element here of a political ruse at least," he said.
One U.S. national security official said it was difficult to agree
as long as Moscow's and Washington's wider objectives diverged.
“The Russians want to destroy ISIS (Islamic State) to save Assad,”
the official said. “We want to destroy ISIS to eliminate a terrorist
threat and start a political process to remove Assad, who President
Obama has said must go.”
(Additional reporting by Arshad Mohammed in Washington, Dominic
Evans in Beirut, Alexander Winning in Moscow, Tom Miles in Geneva,
Michelle Nichols at the United Nations and John Walcott in
Washington; Writing by Peter Graff; Editing by Kevin Liffey)
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