U.S. police shootings echo through
criminology classrooms
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[November 28, 2016]
By David Ingram
NEW YORK (Reuters) - A new crop of ads on
New York City subway cars reads "Justice now, but justice how?" The
words evoke the tone of street protests over police killings of black
men across the United States during the past three years.
But the ads are not a plea from civil rights activists. They are a
recruiting pitch from the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in
Manhattan. One of them reads, "If the system is ever going to change,
this is the place where change will begin."
John Jay is one of a number of schools that are making academic changes
in the wake of the high-profile killings of black men and boys by police
in recent years in places like Cleveland, Chicago, Baton Rouge,
Louisiana and Ferguson, Missouri, that have fueled a debate about racial
bias in the U.S. criminal justice system.
At the same time, police have been targeted by gunmen in places like
Dallas, Baton Rouge, New York, Philadelphia and Des Moines, Iowa.
Scores of U.S. colleges and universities offer undergraduate and
graduate course work in criminology. Graduates end up in a variety of
jobs, from police detectives to social workers to corporate
investigators.
Some schools, like the State University of New York at Albany, are
trying to help more black, Hispanic and other minority researchers
advance in their careers by creating jobs for those just out of graduate
school.
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One school, the University of California, Irvine, said it was
considering a new course that would teach future police officers to
empathize with people who have been arrested. Professors at other
schools said they were changing how they address race in existing
courses by adding material related to bias.
Some criminal justice professors may reorient their research to focus
more on police-related deaths, said James Lynch, a University of
Maryland professor and president of the American Society of Criminology.
That is especially likely as the FBI and the U.S. Justice Department
undertake a new effort to collect data on police use of force, he said.
"There's some change coming, and that's positive," Lynch said.
Not all schools offering criminology course work are making changes in
light of recent events. But some, like John Jay, are making a direct
appeal to a generation that has watched or even joined protests by
groups like Black Lives Matter that criticize police use of force
against minorities.
"We wanted to go out there with an ad campaign that's fierce, that's
bold, that conveys the passions of our students and supports them," said
Rama Sudhakar, a spokeswoman for John Jay, a college named after
America's first chief justice.
'DRAGGED AWAY BY POLICE'
With police shootings in the news, some criminology students appear more
willing to share personal experiences.
"Students are saying, 'I was racially profiled,' or, 'I saw my father
dragged away by the police,'" said Teresa Dalton, who teaches
criminology at the University of California, Irvine.
The criminal justice school at the State University of New York at
Albany is adding six post-doctoral fellowships, temporary jobs for
people who recently received doctoral degrees, for scholars who are
minorities. William Pridemore, the school's dean, said the recent
shootings motivated the push.
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![](../images/112816pics/news_a3.jpg)
Protesters take part in a demonstration in front of police officers
at a Walmart store in St. Louis, Missouri, October 13, 2014.
REUTERS/Jim Young/File Photo
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"In general in criminology we don't have a lot of minority scholars,
and I think it's important that we change that," Pridemore said.
The University of California, Irvine is considering a course
centered around the perspective of people who are arrested, rather
than from the perspective of law enforcement, Dalton said. It would
cover subjects such as obtaining bail and what it is like to be in
jail.
"The purpose is to give cops perhaps a little more empathy in their
discretionary decisions: You could arrest this person, or you could
not arrest this person, but what will it mean?" she said.
Many police-related encounters involve officers and civilians of
different races and backgrounds, so officers may benefit from
learning about implicit bias, said Cory Haberman, a University of
Cincinnati professor.
Implicit bias is a term used by social scientists to describe subtle
associations or stereotypes that people make about groups, such as
the idea that members of one race are more likely to be violent than
those of another.
"These issues are definitely in the forefront of all the students'
minds," said Haberman, who said he has added materials on implicit
bias to a policing course he teaches.
Only about 15 percent of the 12,000 local U.S. police departments
require officers to have attended college, according to the U.S.
Bureau of Justice Statistics.
But many officers go. About 45 percent have at least a bachelor's
degree and another 43 percent have taken some college courses,
according to a 2015 research paper in the Journal of Criminal
Justice Education, citing survey data from 2007-2008.
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Officers who went to college are significantly less likely to use
force than officers who did not, according to a 2010 study published
in the academic journal Police Quarterly.
(Reporting by David Ingram; Editing by Scott Malone and Will Dunham)
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