|
 African and northern European nations, as well as Japan, had the
highest scores on cardio-respiratory fitness among kids aged 9 to
17, while Mexico was last among the 50 and the United States fourth
from the bottom.
When looking for social, economic and health factors that went along
with high or low fitness levels, researchers found that the greater
a country’s internal income inequality, the less fit its children
were likely to be.
“We know that aerobic fitness is strongly linked to health in
children and youth,” said lead author Justin Lang of the University
of Ottawa, noting that this is the largest international comparison
of children’s fitness.
“We also know that healthier children have a better chance of
becoming healthy and productive adults,” Lang said by email.
“Poverty is linked to many bad health outcomes - which we now know
includes aerobic fitness,” he told Reuters Health.
Lang and his colleagues reviewed 177 studies from six continents
that employed the 20-meter shuttle run test, which is considered to
be the best and most popular test of heart, lung and muscle
endurance, they write in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
The shuttle run involves sprinting to a line 20 meters (66 feet)
away in intervals marked by beeps from a timer. The interval between
beeps gets progressively shorter and the test is over when runners
can no longer run the distance in the time between beeps.
The study team analyzed results for 1,142,026 kids in 50 countries,
specifically the average total distance the children ran during the
tests.
Children in Tanzania ran furthest of all, followed by Estonia,
Iceland, Japan and several Scandinavian and African countries.
France and the Czech Republic also had high marks. South America,
with the exception of Colombia, did worse than most northern or
southern European nations, with Brazil, the U.S., Latvia, Peru and
Mexico bringing up the rear.
The researchers also considered demographic and socioeconomic
factors in each country including climate, standard of living and
wealth inequality to look for links between these factors and
children’s performance on the sprinting test.
[to top of second column] |
They found that boys generally outperformed girls in the test, which
past studies have also shown. A country’s rates of childhood obesity
had a small influence in developed nations, but none in developing
nations.
Regardless of a nation’s overall level of development, however,
countries with big gaps between rich and poor tended to perform
poorly.
Lang noted that in such countries, there are often large populations
of extremely poor people.
Jonatan Ruiz, an exercise and health researcher at the University of
Granada in Spain, added that people in unequal countries might face
barriers to physical activity. “Less access to sport facilities,
less possibility to do activities, less quality of the food, all of
which turns into a poorer cardiovascular profile,” he told Reuters
Health by email.
Ruiz, who was not involved in the study, noted that fitness
assessments like the shuttle run are important to screen children
and teens who might be at risk for heart problems later in life.
To improve children’s cardio fitness, researchers recommend that
kids do at least 60 minutes of exercise per day such as running,
swimming, or biking, Lang said. In addition, they advise doing 20
minutes per day of more intense exercise that makes you “huff and
puff,” Lang said.
“Aerobic fitness in children and youth is important and something
that we must make efforts to improve!” he added.
SOURCE: bit.ly/2cWfjF2 British Journal of Sports Medicine, online
September 20, 2016.
[© 2016 Thomson Reuters. All rights
reserved.] Copyright 2016 Reuters. All rights reserved. This material may not be published,
broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
 |
