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 A row over possible effects of glyphosate - an ingredient in
Monsanto's big-selling herbicide Roundup - has prompted
investigations by congressional committees in the United States and
forced a delay in Europe to a decision on whether it should be
banned or re-licensed for sale.
Giving details and preliminary findings of the latest study to
Reuters, Italian scientist Fiorella Belpoggi said experimental rats
exposed to the herbicide at levels equivalent to those allowed in
humans showed no initial adverse reaction.
"Exposed animals had no evident differences from non-exposed
animals," Belpoggi, who is director of the Cesare Maltoni Cancer
Research Centre at the Ramazzini Institute in Italy, said in a
telephone interview.
"But this tells us very little at the moment, because the
examinations of key parameters that could be affected by exposure
are still being done (and) we are waiting for those results,"
Belpoggi added.
Those parameters include any genetic changes, as well as potential
toxic effects on measures related to fertility, such as sperm,
embryo development and offspring growth, she said.
Argument over glyphosate centers on whether it is carcinogenic.
Scientists at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
say it probably does cause cancer, putting them at odds with
scientists at the European Food Safety Authority, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency and multiple other safety and
regulatory agencies around the world, who say it likely doesn't.
Congressional committees in the United States have raised questions
about the work and funding of IARC, which is based in Lyon, France,
and the Ramazzini Institute, based in Bologna.
IARC and Ramazzini defend the independence of their work and say
their research is conducted to the highest scientific standards.
DECADES OF RESEARCH
A spokesman for Monsanto said: "There are nearly a thousand
scientific studies from decades of research that are already
available to every regulatory agency in the world, which have all
concluded that glyphosate is safe to use."
According to data published by IARC, glyphosate was registered in
more than 130 countries as of 2010 and is one of the most heavily
used weedkillers in the world. Analysts have estimated Monsanto
could lose out on up to $100 million of sales if glyphosate were
banned in Europe.
Belpoggi said her team decided to conduct their trial to produce
fresh, independent results in an effort to settle differences over
glyphosate's health effect.
But she stressed that due to time constraints, the study is not able
to analyze the weed killer's potential carcinogenicity, which would
take several years to research properly, given the time any tumors
might take to develop and grow.
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"We are focused on reproductive and developmental issues, in other
words, whether glyphosate ... affects the development of embryos,
fetuses and pups," she said.
Chemicals that can affect hormones and reproduction are known as
endocrine disruptors and, like carcinogens, are subject to strict
regulations in the European Union.
This study involves scientists working at five laboratories,
Belpoggi's and one other in Italy, and three outside the country.
"This was to ensure we would have the best experts analyze each end
point," Belpoggi said. The study is funded by the Ramazzini
Institute, a research cooperative of around 28,000 members who are
its co-owners and raise funds for its work.
Using laboratory rodents known as Sprague Dawley rats, the
researchers exposed them to low levels of glyphosate and its
formulation Roundup in their diet, equivalent to U.S. Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) levels permitted in humans.
The U.S. ADI for glyphosate is 1.75 milligrams per kilogram of body
weight per day while the European Union ADI for consumers is 0.5
milligrams per kilogram of body weight.
Full results should be available by June, Belpoggi said, and will be
submitted in a paper for peer review and publication in a scientific
journal. A draft copy of the results will be sent at the same time
to the European Commission.
The Commission has said it expects to restart talks with EU member
states by August on re-approving the use of glyphosate in
herbicides. A decision is due before the end of 2017.
"We would like to have the results in time to help regulators have a
good judgment about this chemical," Belpoggi said. "If it is
negative (no effect), then I will be happy because I am also
exposed. But if there is some damage, then we would like everyone to
know."
(Editing by David Holmes)
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