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				International banks based in London risk losing access to the 
				EU's single market once Britain leaves it in 2019, forcing many 
				to consider moving parts of their businesses to the bloc and 
				seek a license from the ECB, the sector's watchdog. 
				 
				But Sabine Lautenschlaeger, who represents the ECB's supervisory 
				arm on the central bank's board, said progress had been slower 
				than hoped. 
				 
				"Frankly, the banks are not as far advanced as we would like 
				them to be," Lautenschlaeger said in a newsletter article. 
				 
				"Of the banks that have indicated an interest in relocating 
				operations to the euro area, a number of the larger banks have 
				made progress in their planning. But we have not seen many final 
				decisions yet." 
				 
				She added the ECB would not grant licenses to "empty shells" and 
				would take a tough stance on "back-to-back transactions", where 
				a bank would conduct trades out of its EU base but process and 
				risk manage them at its London office. 
				 
				"While we do not rule out this practice per se, ultimately we 
				expect banks to manage relevant parts of their risks locally and 
				independently," Lautenschlaeger said. 
				 
				Lautenschlaeger also said she expected banks moving to the EU to 
				update their recovery plans, which kick in if they fail, 
				"shortly" after moving. 
				 
				(Reporting By Francesco Canepa; Editing by Angus MacSwan) 
				
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