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 Parents and teachers reported more problems in 7-year-olds who
didn’t get enough sleep during their toddler and preschool years,
compared to peers who got an age-appropriate amount of sleep during
those early years.
“Children who aren’t getting the recommended amount of sleep have
more difficulties with attention, with emotional control, with
reasoning, with problem-solving, and also have behavioral problems,”
lead author Dr. Elsie Taveras told Reuters Health.
“What we found was that insufficient sleep in children was
associated with poorer executive function and behavior,” said
Taveras, who is chief of general pediatrics at Massachusetts General
Hospital for Children in Boston.
Executive function is basically the brain’s ability to process
incoming information and respond to that information, Taveras said.
“It’s almost like your brain’s functioning (as) air traffic control.
Air traffic control has to know how to take in a bunch of
information and how to process it.”
Taveras and her colleagues analyzed data on 1,046 children from a
study that followed them from before birth. As part of the study,
researchers had asked mothers how long the kids slept at age 6
months, 3 years and 7 years. The mothers also filled out health
questionnaires every year.
Insufficient sleep was defined as less than 12 hours during infancy,
less than 11 hours for 3- and 4-year-olds and less than 10 hours for
5- to 7-year-old kids.
Mothers and teachers were asked to evaluate each child's executive
function and behavior using questionnaires when the kids were 7
years old.
Children who slept less than 10 hours per day at ages 3 to 4 years
had lower scores from both mothers and teachers compared to kids who
usually slept longer. The results were similar for 5- to 7-year-olds
who got less than 9 hours of sleep each night.
Sleep duration between 6 months and 2 years old was not linked to
scores at age 7, according to the report in Academic Pediatrics.
Taveras said that being consistent with schedules and routines and
setting age-appropriate bedtimes are important for good sleep.
“Don’t have your child go to sleep at midnight on the weekends and
then expect that you’re going to be able to get them to bed and
asleep by 8:30 on weekdays,” she said.
Taveras also tells parents to get all the screens out of the kids’
bedrooms including small devices that have push notifications or are
beeping all night.
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“(The study) adds to a building literature that is suggesting at
least that having sleep problems early in life are predictive of
behavioral and, in other populations, cognitive problems later,” Dr.
Dean Beebe told Reuters Health.
“And it is overall consistent with what we've seen in other studies
in different age ranges,” said Beebe, a pediatric neuropsychologist
at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center who wasn't involved
in the study.
“Having a parent do the sleep rating and then having both the parent
and also a teacher do the behavior ratings actually is a really big
strength of the study,” he added.
Beebe said he has three pieces of advice for parents. First, is to
take a look and see what is the generally recommended amount of
sleep for their kids by checking with the National Sleep Foundation
(http://bit.ly/1Sy48EA) or the American Academy of Sleep Medicine
(http://bit.ly/2mzoQa6).
"Number two is to pay attention to your child because some kids need
more (sleep) and some kids need less,” he said. The third thing is
to establish a daily schedule that is sensitive to the child's
needs, and also includes routines, Beebe said.
"The more chaotic and the less predictable that sleep schedule, the
more difficulty the kids tend to have with sleep," he said.
The bedtime routine should involve a winding down period with
relaxing activities such as reading a bedtime story, Beebe added.
“It seems old fashioned but it's very calming, it's very connecting.
It can be very soothing, and it's very predictable,” he said.
SOURCE: http://bit.ly/2mLVjwn Academic Pediatrics, online February
8, 2017.
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