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 A U.S. embassy measure showed levels of poisonous airborne
particles, known as PM 2.5, had reached 498 on Monday afternoon,
compared with the upper limit of "good" quality air at 50.
India's weather office said rain was forecast over the next three
days which could help clear the smog.
"Light rainfall is likely in states surrounding Delhi and in Delhi
over the next three days, and this could result in a change in wind
pattern in the region," Charan Singh, a scientist at India
Meteorological Department, told Reuters.
"Smog will start to abate starting tomorrow."
But Skymet, India's only private weather forecaster, said dense smog
would continue over Delhi and the surrounding area for at least the
next two days.
The Supreme Court is due to hear a petition filed by a New Delhi
lawyer to direct government authorities to tackle the "intolerable
and unbearable air pollution".
The Delhi state government declared a public health emergency last
week after pollution levels spiked, a yearly phenomenon blamed on a
combination of illegal crop burning in northern states, vehicle
exhaust and dust.
Over the weekend, authorities began using fire trucks to spray water
in parts of the capital to keep the dust and other air particles
down, but it has had little effect.
A senior federal government official said there was little more that
could be done.
"We can only do this much, and now we will have to wait for rains to
clean the atmosphere," said Prashant Gargava, an official at the
Central Pollution Control Board.
Gargava, who is in charge of monitoring air quality, said Delhi's
air has been consistently in the "hazardous" zone, despite measures
such as a halt to construction and increasing car parking charges
four-fold to encourage people to use public transport.
EVERY BREATH
The PM 2.5 airborne particles are about 30 times finer than a human
hair. The particles can be inhaled deep into the lungs, causing
respiratory diseases and other ailments. Hospitals have seen a surge
of patients coming in with respiratory complaints, according to
media reports.
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"Every second we are damaging our lungs, but we cannot stop
breathing," said Arvind Kumar, the head of the chest and lung
surgery department at the Sir Ganga Ram hospital.
United Airlines said it had resumed flights from Newark, New Jersey,
to New Delhi on Sunday, after suspending the service temporarily
over concern about the bad air.
Authorities decided to reopen schools on Monday after closing them
temporarily for a few days last week, but the decision is likely to
add more vehicles on the road.
Enforcement agencies said they were unable to impose a blanket ban
on the movement of commercial trucks.
Primary school teacher Aarti Menon said her family had been wearing
face masks, even when indoors.
"Not everyone can afford an air purifier or air-conditioned car. We
are all living in hell," said Menon, a mother of two teenage
daughters.
The National Green Tribunal, an environment court, has directed the
city government and neighboring states to stop farmers from burning
crop stubble. But the governments have not been able to do so.
New Delhi-based non-government group TARA Homes for Children, which
supports 60 poor children, said it was seeking donations to buy at
least five air purifiers.
"Some of the children have breathing issues and couldn’t go to
school," said a volunteer at the group.
(Additional reporting by Aditya Kalra, Sudarshan Varadhan, Suchitra
Mohanty; Editing by Michael Perry, Robert Birsel)
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