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 At a briefing on Wednesday, lead surgeon Lee Cook-jong displayed
photos showing dozens of flesh-colored parasites - including one 27
cm (10.6 in) long - removed from the wounded soldier's digestive
tract during a series of surgeries to save his life.
"In my over 20 year-long career as a surgeon, I have only seen
something like this in a textbook," Lee said.
The parasites, along with kernels of corn in his stomach, may
confirm what many experts and previous defectors have described
about the food and hygiene situation for many North Koreans.
"Although we do not have solid figures showing health conditions of
North Korea, medical experts assume that parasite infection problems
and serious health issues have been prevalent in the country," said
Choi Min-Ho, a professor at Seoul National University College of
Medicine who specializes in parasites.
The soldier's condition was "not surprising at all considering the
north’s hygiene and parasite problems," he said.
The soldier was flown by helicopter to hospital on Monday after his
dramatic escape to South Korea in a hail of bullets fired by North
Korean soldiers.
He is believed to be an army staff sergeant in his mid-20s who was
stationed in the Joint Security Area in the United Nations truce
village of Panmunjom, according to Kim Byung-kee, a lawmaker of
South Korea's ruling party, briefed by the National Intelligence
Service.
North Korea has not commented on the defection.
While the contents of the soldier’s stomach don’t necessarily
reflect the population as a whole, his status as a soldier – with an
elite assignment - would indicate he would at least be as well
nourished as an average North Korean.
He was shot in his buttocks, armpit, back shoulder and knee among
other wounds, according to the hospital where the soldier is being
treated.
'THE BEST FERTILIZER'
Parasitic worms were also once common in South Korea 40 to 50 years
ago, Lee noted during his briefing, but have all but disappeared as
economic conditions greatly improved.
Other doctors have also described removing various types of worms
and parasites from North Korean defectors.
Their continued prevalence north of the heavily fortified border
that divides the two Koreas could be in part tied to the use of
human excrement, often called "night soil."
"Chemical fertilizer was supplied by the state until the 1970s, but
from the early 1980s, production started to decrease," said Lee Min-bok,
a North Korean agriculture expert who defected to South Korea in
1995. "By the 1990s, the state could not supply it anymore, so
farmers started to use a lot of night soil instead."
In 2014, supreme leader Kim Jong Un personally urged farmers to use
human faeces, along with animal waste and organic compost, to
fertilize their fields.
A lack of livestock, however, made it difficult to find animal
waste, said Lee, the agriculture expert.
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Even harder to overcome, he said, is the view of night soil as the
"best fertilizer in North Korea," despite the risk of worms and
parasites.
"Vegetables grown in it are considered more delicious than others,"
Lee said.
LIMITED DIETS
The medical briefing described the wounded soldier as being 170 cm
(5 feet 5 inches) and 60 kg (132 pounds) with his stomach containing
corn. It's a staple grain that more North Koreans may be relying on
in the wake of what the United Nations has called the worst drought
since 2001.
Imported corn, which is less preferred but cheaper to obtain than
rice, has tended to increase in years when North Koreans are more
worried about their seasonal harvests.
Between January and September this year, China exported nearly
49,000 tonnes of corn to North Korea, compared to only 3,125 tonnes
in all of 2016, according to data released by Beijing.
Despite the drought and international sanctions over Pyongyang's
nuclear program, the cost of corn and rice has remained relatively
stable, according to a Reuters analysis of market data collected by
the defector-run Daily NK website.
Since the 1990s, when government rations failed to prevent a famine
hitting the country, North Koreans have gradually turned to markets
and other private means to feed themselves.
The World Food Programme says a quarter of North Korean children
6-59 months old, who attend nurseries that the organization assists,
suffer from chronic malnutrition.
On average North Koreans are less nourished than their southern
neighbors. The WFP says around one in four children have grown less
tall than their South Korean counterparts. A study from 2009 said
pre-school children in the North were up to 13 cm (5 inches) shorter
and up to 7 kg (15 pounds) lighter than those brought up in the
South.
"The main issue in DPRK is a monotonous diet – mainly rice/maize,
kimchi and bean paste – lacking in essential fats and protein," the
WFP told Reuters in a statement last month.
(Additional reporting by Seung-woo Yeom, James Pearson, Heekyong
Yang, Hyunjoo Jin, Soyoung Kim, Writing by Josh Smith, Editing by
Bill Tarrant)
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