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 Researchers examined body mass index (BMI) measurements for 36,176
men when they were 8 years old and when they were 20, then followed
the men through health records from age 30 for an average of almost
three decades. During this time, 1,777 men developed diabetes.
Men who were overweight as kids but not during puberty were no more
likely to develop diabetes in adulthood than those who maintained a
healthy weight throughout childhood, the study found.
But men who became overweight during puberty were more than four
times as likely to develop diabetes before age 55 and more than
twice as likely to develop diabetes after 55 than men who were never
overweight as kids.
"The change in weight status through puberty conferred an
independent and higher risk than simply having a high BMI through
childhood," said Dr. Elif Arioglu Oral, a diabetes researcher at the
University of Michigan in Ann Arbor who wasn't involved in the
study.
"If the children reach puberty with increased BMI, they should be
encouraged to work on decreasing the BMI as they go through
puberty," Oral said by email. "Changing weight status from childhood
through adulthood appeared to negate the effect of increased BMI as
a child."
Globally, nearly one in five children and adolescents are overweight
or obese, according to the World Health Organization.
Children and teens are considered obese when their BMI, a ratio of
weight to height, is higher than that of 95 percent of other youth
their same age and sex. They're considered overweight with a BMI in
the 85th to 95th percentile range.
In the current study, researchers focused on the risk of type 2
diabetes, the most common form of the disease, which is linked to
obesity and aging and happens when the body can't properly use or
make enough of the hormone insulin to convert blood sugar into
energy. The disease can lead to complications like blindness, kidney
failure, nerve damage and amputations.
Overall, 6.2 percent of participants were overweight at age 8 and
7.4 percent were overweight at age 20, the study team reports in the
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
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About 58 percent of those who were overweight during childhood were
at a normal weight by young adulthood, the study found.
At the same time, about 64 percent of men who were overweight as
young adults had been a normal weight at age 8.
The study wasn't designed to prove whether BMI during childhood or
adolescence directly impacts the development of diabetes in
adulthood.
"We don't know what the mechanisms behind this association are,"
said senior study author Dr. Jenny Kindblom of the University of
Gothenburg.
Previous research suggests that transitioning to a high BMI during
puberty may be associated with the development of what's known as
visceral adipose tissue, or excess fat around the midsection,
Kindblom said by email. This in turn has been linked to an increased
risk of diabetes.
The results of the current study offer fresh evidence that parents
need to keep an eye on weight gain throughout childhood and
adolescence to help kids maintain a healthy weight and minimize
their risk of developing diabetes, said Dr. Mark DeBoer of the
University of Virginia in Charlottesville.
"Children need to start good habits of healthier eating (eating more
vegetables, less saturated fat and overall fewer calories) and
regular exercise (to force their body to burn more calories),"
DeBoer, who wasn't involved in the study, said by email. "Ideally,
the family would do these things together."
SOURCE: https://bit.ly/2VcarCA Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &
Metabolism, online December 4, 2018.
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