NASA prepares to fly probe into Sun's
scorching atmosphere
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[July 23, 2018]
By Joey Roulette
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla (Reuters) - NASA is
preparing to send a probe closer to the Sun than any other spacecraft
has ventured, enduring wicked heat while zooming through the solar
corona to study this outermost part of the stellar atmosphere that gives
rise to the solar wind.
The Parker Solar Probe, a robotic spacecraft the size of a small car, is
slated to launch from Cape Canaveral in Florida, with Aug. 6 targeted as
the launch date for the planned seven-year mission. It is set to fly
into the Sun's corona within 3.8 million miles (6.1 million km) from the
solar surface, seven times closer than any other spacecraft.
"To send a probe where you haven't been before is ambitious. To send it
into such brutal conditions is highly ambitious," Nicola Fox, a project
scientist from the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory,
told a news conference on Friday.
The previous closest pass to the Sun was by a probe called Helios 2,
which in 1976 came within 27 million miles (43 million km). By way of
comparison, the average distance from the Sun for Earth is 93 million
miles (150 million km).
The corona gives rise to the solar wind, a continuous flow of charged
particles that permeates the solar system. Unpredictable solar winds
cause disturbances in our planet's magnetic field and can play havoc
with communications technology on Earth. NASA hopes the findings will
enable scientists to forecast changes in Earth's space environment.
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"It's of fundamental importance for us to be able to predict this space
weather, much like we predict weather here on Earth," said Alex Young, a
solar scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland. "In
the most extreme cases of these space weather events, it can actually
affect our power grids here on Earth."
The project, with a $1.5 billion price tag, is the first major mission
under NASA's Living With a Star program.
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Technicians and engineers perform light bar testing on NASA's Parker
Solar Probe, which will travel through the Sun's atmosphere, in the
Astrotech processing facility near NASA's Kennedy Space Center, in
Titusville, Florida, U.S., June 5, 2018. Picture taken on June 5,
2018. Courtesy Glenn Benson/NASA/Handout via REUTERS
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The probe is set to use seven Venus flybys over nearly seven years
to steadily reduce its orbit around the Sun, using instruments
designed to image the solar wind and study electric and magnetic
fields, coronal plasma and energetic particles. NASA aims to collect
data about the inner workings of the highly magnetized corona.
The probe, named after American solar astrophysicist Eugene Newman
Parker, will have to survive difficult heat and radiation
conditions. It has been outfitted with a heat shield designed to
keep its instruments at a tolerable 85 degrees Fahrenheit (29
degrees Celsius) even as the spacecraft faces temperatures reaching
nearly 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit (1,370 degrees Celsius) at its
closest pass.
(Reporting by Joey Roulette; Editing by Will Dunham)
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