In costly quest for security, U.S.
schools face law of diminishing returns
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[May 24, 2018]
By Joseph Ax
(Reuters) - From gunshot detection devices
to wireless panic buttons and bulletproof windows, schools across the
United States are pursuing aggressive security measures to prevent a
shooting massacre on their campuses.
Pressure from parents and community members to find solutions, both high
and low tech, has grown in the wake of deadly mass shootings at high
schools in Parkland, Florida, and Santa Fe, Texas, among other violent
incidents.
In the rush to find answers, school security has ballooned into a
multibillion-dollar industry. Meanwhile, some schools are spending
precious funds on untested technologies, safety experts said, even
though the most robust and effective safety measures can only mitigate
the risk, not eliminate it.
"We've seen this huge shift to unproven tactics, based on a lot of
emotion," said Chris Dorn, an analyst with Safe Havens International,
which conducts on-site safety assessments at hundreds of schools every
year. "What we really need to do is to get back to basics."

Those include single-point entry that restricts access to buildings,
classrooms that lock from the inside, training in emergency protocols
and effective supervision of campuses by either police officers or
school staff.
School officials must also strive to balance the need for security with
a desire to preserve an atmosphere conducive to learning, experts said,
warning that schools can become fortified bunkers that feel like prisons
to students.
"There's a diminishing amount of returns," Dorn said, noting that even
extraordinarily secure places like the Pentagon and the Fort Hood
military base have faced shootings.
Metal detectors, for example, are expensive, require armed personnel and
can create long lines outside buildings, providing yet another target
for potential attackers.
Many schools have considered door-barricading devices, but experts said
they can endanger students by preventing escape and stopping law
enforcement from accessing rooms. Instead, schools should ensure their
classrooms can be locked from the inside.
Even cameras are not necessarily helpful during an active shooter
situation unless they are monitored live at all times, requiring
additional personnel.
The majority of schools now have single-point entries, forcing visitors
during the day to come through one entrance and get approved by a main
office, a practice that security experts say is among the most
effective. Many districts, like Littleton, Colorado, near the site of
the 1999 Columbine High School massacre, have installed video intercom
systems to restrict assess.
But most schools use multiple points of entry at arrival and dismissal
due to the sheer number of students. In Parkland, perimeter gates were
opened shortly before the end of the day.
School resource officers - armed police officers assigned to campuses -
have also become more common, and several states, including Florida and
Maryland, have approved funding to pay for more officers this year.
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Police officers Jamie Rubenstein (C) and Brad Griesinger talk as
they stand guard in front of the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High
School, after the police security perimeter was removed following a
mass shooting, in Parkland, Florida, U.S., February 18, 2018.
REUTERS/Carlos Garcia Rawlins/File Photo

Some schools, like Healdton Public School in Oklahoma, have
installed expensive bulletproof shelters in classrooms that can
shield students from incoming fire.
BUCKETS OF ROCKS
Even low-budget solutions, like providing classrooms with makeshift
weapons - one Pennsylvania school district put buckets of rocks in
all of its 200 classrooms - can have unexpected drawbacks if they
are used in student assaults.
Beyond physical protections, schools have increasingly used threat
assessment teams, which seek to identify troubled students and
intervene before any violence can occur. The teams consist of school
officials, mental health professionals and law enforcement.
"The people who plan these will typically tell you if there's
planning to do something violent or not," said Marisa Randazzo, the
former chief research psychologist at the U.S. Secret Service and
co-author of a landmark study following Columbine that established
the standards for school threat assessments.
Maryland and Florida recently passed laws requiring that all schools
adopt threat assessment models in the wake of school shootings,
joining Virginia as the only states to mandate the practice,
Randazzo said.

"Before you connect the dots, you have to collect the dots," said
Gary Sigrist of Safeguard Risk Solutions, which provides security
consulting to schools.
But experts in security say even the best safety measures have their
limits. A determined shooter will usually find a way to inflict
damage, especially in cases such as the Texas incident in which the
suspect is a student authorized to be on campus.
"If there's any one lesson we've learned, there is no 100 percent
foolproof method to prevent these acts of violence," said Ronald
Stephens, who runs the National School Safety Center, a group that
offers training and on-site technical assistance to schools.
(Reporting by Joseph Ax in New York; Editing by Frank McGurty and
Cynthia Osterman)
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